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Elemen Mesin

Pertemuan ke-3:
POROS (SHAFT)

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Definisi

dan fungsi poros


Jenis-jenis poros
Material poros
Kekuatan poros akibat puntiran/torsi

Definisi
A

shaft is the component of a mechanical


device that transmits rotational motion and
power (Mott, 2004)
A shaft is a rotating machine element which is
used to transmit power from one place to
another (Khurmi & Gupta, 2005).
A shaft is a rotating member, usually of
circular cross section, used to transmit power
or motion (Shigley, 2008).

Shaft/Poros

Beban pada Poros

Serupa Poros
axle

(as/gandar) adalah elemen mesin yang


tidak bergerak dan berfungsi sebagai
pendukung bagi beberapa bagian yang
berputar seperti: roda, puli/kerekan.

Axle

Serupa Poros
spindle

merupakan poros transmisi yang


relatip pendek, misalnya pada poros utama
mesin perkakas, yang memutar pahat (bor,
milling) atau memutar benda kerja (bubut)

Spindle

Shaft Materials
It

should have high strength.


It should have good machinability.
It should have low notch sensitivity factor.
It should have good heat treatment
properties.
It should have high wear resistant properties.

Shaft Materials

Types of Shafts
Transmission

shafts. The counter shafts,


line shafts, over head shafts and all factory
shafts are transmission shafts. Since these
shafts carry machine parts such as pulleys,
gears etc., therefore they are subjected to
bending in addition to twisting.
Machine shafts. These shafts form an
integral part of the machine itself. The crank
shaft is an example of machine shaft.

Counter Shaft

Crank Shaft

Standard Sizes of
Transmission Shafts
25

mm to 60 mm with 5 mm steps;
60 mm to 110 mm with 10 mm steps ;
110 mm to 140 mm with 15 mm steps ; and
140 mm to 500 mm with 20 mm steps.
The standard length of the shafts are 5 m, 6
m and 7 m.

Stresses in Shafts
1. Shear stresses due to the transmission of
torque (i.e. due to torsional load).
2. Bending stresses (tensile or compressive)
due to the forces acting upon machine
elements like gears, pulleys etc. as well as
due to the weight of the shaft itself.
3. Stresses due to combined torsional and
bending loads.

Design of Shafts
The

shafts may be designed on the basis of

Strength, and
Rigidity and stiffness.

In

designing shafts on the basis of strength,


the following cases may be considered :

Shafts subjected to twisting moment or torque only,


Shafts subjected to bending moment only,
Shafts subjected to combined twisting and bending
moments, and
Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to combined
torsional and bending loads.

Shafts Subjected to Twisting


Moment Only

Solid Shaft

Hollow Shaft

Hollow Shaft

Hollow Shaft = Solid Shaft

Power in watts

Belt drives

Contoh-1

Contoh-2

Contoh-3

Contoh-3

Pokok Bahasan Minggu Depan


Kekuatan

poros akibat lenturan/momen

lengkung
Kekuatan poros akibat lenturan dan puntiran
Daya pada poros

Referensi
Machine

Elements in Mechanical Design 4th


Edition by Robert L. Mott (2004)

Textbook of Machine Design by R.S.


Khurmi and J.K.Gupta (2005)

Shigleys

Mechanical Engineering Design 8th


Edition (2008)

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