Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 2
Advantages of oral
Advantages of oral communication
communication
Oral communication is a time and money saving device.
As there is an element of personal touch, it is comparatively more
effective.
Doubts can be clarified on the spot and the communication can be
understood easily.
Important point can be emphasized through action.
Speech is more powerful means of persuasion and control.
The speaker can get immediate feedback.
The informal plane of oral communication helps to promote friendly
relations.
Disadvantages of oral
Disadvantages
of oral communication
communication
It is not useful where the parties are very far from each other, even
beyond telephonic range.
It is not suitable for lengthy communication.
Oral messages cannot be retained for a long time.
Oral messages do not have any legal validity unless they are taped
and made a part of permanent record.
Body language and speech must match each other.
If the communication is poor in vocal expression, oral communication
are likely to be misunderstood and misinterpreted.
Brevity
Clarity
Choosing precise words
Clich
Sequences
Avoid jargon
Seven Cs of communication
Prepositions
Fluency
Barriers to effective Oral communication :Listening is psychological act affected by several factors Status feeling of superior
Halo effect based on impressions of the listener
Complexes - lack of confidence
Closed and all knowing mind
Poor retention
Premature evaluation & hurried conclusions as distortions
Abstracting
Slant
Cognitive dissonance
Language barrier
Closed and all knowing mind : some persons believe that they
know everything in field or subject. Due to this attitude of
audience they may not concentrate on content of speaker
irrespective of whether its effective or not.
Poor retention :to deliver effective speech the speaker should be
organized in terms of sequence and methodology to be adopted.
If the speaker is not clear about the same it leads to vagueness in
minds of audience.
Premature evaluation and hurried conclusions : audience are
required to do patience listening for understanding speakers
content. Incomplete attention and pre judgment of audience does
not provide clarity to audience in terms of talk delivered to them.
Audibility of voice
Audibility of words
Bringing out the meaning
Tone
Opening & closing words & sentences
Simplicity
Avoid long words
Use of slang
Use of quotations
Humor
Stage fright
Accent
Friendly atmosphere
Personal greeting
Appreciation
Smile
Empathy
Language
Honesty
Personal appearance
Action
Attention creation
Listeners importance
Types of listening
Active listening
Passive listening
Selective listening
Empathetic listening
Critical listening
Projective listening
Relationship listening
Comprehensive listening
Nonverbal
Form of nonverbal
communication
Facial Expressions
Posture
Posture and how you carry
your self tells a lot about
you. How you walk, sit,
stand or hold your head
not only indicates your
current mood, but also
your personality in
general.
For example, if you cross your
arms while standing, you
indicate that you may be
closed off and defensive.
Meanwhile, walking with your
head down and avoiding eye
contact with others may
indicate shyness.
Gestures
Agestureisacharacteristic
ofnonverbalcommunication
inwhichvisiblebodyactions
communicateparticular
message.
Gesturesincludemovement
ofthehands,face,orother
partsofthebody.
Eye Contact/Oculesics
Eye contact, a key
characteristic of
nonverbal
communication,
expresses much without
using a single word. In
American culture,
maintaining eye contact
shows respect and
indicates interest.
Eye contact also
establish the nature of
a relationship.
Haptic or Touch
Haptic communication is
communicating by touch.
Touch or Haptics is the
characteristic of nonverbal
communication and used
when we come into
physical contact with other
people.
For example: We use
handshakes to gain trust and
introduce ourselves.
Personal space
(Proxemics)
Personalspaceisyour"bubble"-the
spaceyouplacebetweenyourselfand
others.Thisinvisibleboundary
becomesapparentonlywhensomeone
bumpsortriestoenteryourbubble.
Thisisadistancewhichpeoplefeel
comfortableapproachingothersor
havingothersapproachthem.Different
distancesaremaintainedfordiff
situations:
Intimatespace(0-8inches)
Informalspace(8inchesto4feet)
Formaldistance(2-4feet)
Publicdistance
Pakistan
Expressing
happiness, respect
and love for
others.
Cultural effect
China
The Chinese don't like being touched
by strangers. Therefore dont make
any body contact.
Cultural effect
Cultural effect
India
Greeting with 'namaste' placing both hands
together with a slight bow
is a very common
nonverbal communication
and shows respect.
Cultural effect
U.S.A
QuiteInformalwayof
nonverbalcommunication
-Ahandshake,asmile,and
'hello'.
Cultural effect
Chicken Dance
Positive gestures- when we speak our hands move freely to indicate the
meaning of our words. Such gestures are natural. They cannot be
avoided. They give strengths to our words but our gesture should be
watched whether positive or negative message.
Positive gestures are body signals which make you relaxed, confident
and polite. Positive listening gestures include leaning a little towards the
speaker, tilting the head, eye contact, gently nodding the head etc.
Negative gestures involve body movements, postures, such as
shaking, tapping, looking at the watch.
Signs of nervousness
Gestures showing aggressiveness
Gestures of rudeness