NaSci103

Astronomy
I. Black Holes
A. Primordial Black Holes
B. Stellar Black Holes
C. Supermassive Black Holes

II. Pulsars
A. Isolated Pulsars
B. Binary Pulsars

III.Quasars

Black Hole(s)
is a strange object
would be a sphere w/ a radius of about
2 miles (3.2 km.) for an object w/ the
same mass as the sun
do not reflect any light
exert effects on other objects
is a place in space where gravity pulls
so much that even light can not get out
do not go around in space eating stars,
moons and planets
are a result of dying stars
used to be huge stars

Black Hole(s)
is anything but empty space
it is a great amount of matter
packed into a very small area
is predicted by Einsteins theory of
gen. relativity
most are formed from the
remnants of a large star that dies
in a supernova explosion
can be big or small
would have the same gravity as
the sun
are invisible

Black Hole

3 Main Types of Black Holes:

1. Primordial Black Holes
smallest ones
is as small as a single atom but with
the mass of a large mountain
are thought to have formed in the
early universe, soon after the big
bang

3 Main Types of Black Holes:

2.Stellar Black Holes
most common type
of medium-sized
black holes
can be up to 20
times greater than
the mass of the sun
and can fit inside a

3 Main Types of Black

Holes:
3. Supermassive Black Holes
largest black holes
have masses greater than 1
million suns combined and
would fit inside a ball with a
diameter about the size of the
solar system
are formed at the same time
as the galaxy they are in

Pulsar(s)
rotating neutron star
is a dense remnant of a supernova
are similar to lighthouses, emitting a
beam of radiation
are a special category of spinning
neutron stars
discovered by Jocelyn Bell in 1967, an
astronomy graduate student working
with Prof. Antony Hewish at Cambridge
University in England
do not reach spins above 760
revolutions per second, which is well
below the break-up point

Pulsar(s)
derive their name from "pulsating
radio sources" because they were 1st
observed at radio wave frequencies
appear to pulse w/ light w/ each
rotation from our earthly vantage
point
some emit visible light, xrays, &
even gamma rays
all are neutron stars
are divided into 2 main categories:
isolated pulsars & binary pulsars

Pulsars

Isolated
Pulsars
produce radiation primarily
through their rotation, as
they gradually slow down
and cool of
its visible energy is funneled
from the rotating magnetic
pole region

Isolated Pulsars

Binary Pulsars
are often called xray binaries
are steady X-ray sources, others
are bright only for a few weeks
or months at a time, lying
dormant for years between
outbursts

Binary Pulsars

Quasars
puzzled astronomers
many vary in brightness rapidly, sometimes
changing every few days
must be small
have extreme redshifts, indicating a distance in
the billions of light years
must be some of the most luminous objects ever
discovered, w/ the output of an average galaxy
in order to be detectable at such a range
other strong black holes
derived from the term quasistellar radio source

Quasars
they are probably black holes at the centers
of active, young galaxies
are distant objects powered by black holes a
billion times as massive as our sun
live only in galaxies w/ supermassive black
holes
most have been found billions of light years
away
emit energies of millions, billions, / even
trillions of electron volts
are part of a class of objects known as active
galactic nuclei

Quasars

The End