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SECTIONS &
METAL TRUSS
SYSTEM
Submitted By:Azhar
Ayyub
TRUSSES
INTRODUCTION
Trusses are triangular frame works in which the members are subjected to
essentially axial forces due to externally applied load. They may be plane
trusses [Fig. 1(a)], wherein the external load and the members lie in the
same plane or space trusses [Fig. 1(b)], in which members are oriented in
three dimensions in space and loads may also act in any direction.
Trusses are frequently used to span long lengths in the place of solid web
girders and such trusses are also referred to as lattice girders.
Trusses are used in roofs of single storey industrial buildings, long span
floors and roofs of multistory buildings, to resist gravity loads [Figs. 1(a)
and 1(b)]. Trusses are also used in multi-storey buildings and walls and
horizontal planes of industrial buildings to resist lateral loads and give
lateral stability [Figs. 1(c) and 1(d)]. Trusses are used in long span bridges
to carry gravity loads and lateral loads [Fig. 1(e)].
TRUSS MEMBERS
The members of trusses are made of either rolled steel sections or built-up
sections
depending upon the span length, intensity of loading, etc. Rolled steel
angles, tee sections, hollow circular and rectangular structural tubes are
used in the case of roof trusses in industrial buildings [Fig. 5(a)]. In long
span roof trusses and short span bridges heavier rolled steel sections,
such as channels, I sections are used [Fig. 5(b)]. Members built-up using I
sections, channels, angles and plates are used in the case of long span
bridge trusses [Fig. 5(c)]
TYPES OF TRUSSES
CONFIGURATION OF TRUSSES
CONFIGURATION OF TRUSSES
CONFIGURATION OF TRUSSES
Trapezoidal Trusses
In case of very long span length pitched roof, trusses having trapezoidal
configuration, with depth at the ends are used [Fig. 4(a)]. This
configuration reduces the axial forces in the chord members adjacent to
the supports. The secondary bending effects in these members are also
reduced. The trapezoidal configurations [Fig. 4(b)] having the sloping
bottom chord can be economical in very long span trusses (spans > 30
m), since they tend to reduce the web member length and the chord
members tend to have nearly constant forces over the span length. It has
been found that bottom chord slope equal to nearly half as much as the
rafter slope tends to give close to optimum design.
CONNECTIONS