Fuel Injection System

By V.SHYAMU

Fu
el
In
je
ct
o
rs

Introduction
itting
m
d
a
r
o
f
m
is a syste
n
Engine
io
t
n
c
io
t
je
s
in
u
l
b
e
m
Fu
ternal Co
In
n
a
o
t
fuel in

Fuel
injectionatomize
sthe fuel by
forcibly pumping
it through a small
nozzle under high
pressure

Objectives
Power output

Fuel efficiency
Emissions performance
Accommodatealternative
fuels
Reliability
Driveability and smooth
operation
Initial cost
Maintenance cost
Diagnostic capability
Range of environmental
operation
Engine tuning

Strict emission
standards require
precise fuel delivery.
Computers used to
calculate fuel needs.
EFIS is very precise,
reliable & cost
effective.
EFI provide correct A/F
ratio for all loads,
speeds, & temperature
ranges.

Injector
Electromecha
nical device

How long it
stays open
determined by:

Controlled by
ECM

Engine
temp

Engine rpm
determines
when injector
opens

Engine
load
Throttle
pos.
O2
sensor
voltage

Functioning
Throt
t
posit le
io
senso n
r

F
Pu uel
m
p

ee
FFiinn gg bbyy
nniinn eenn
ttuu yygg rr
O
Oxx nnssoo
SSee

M
Mee
ttee
rriinn
gg

or
t
ec es d
j
In us oi
en
l
so

Mass
w
airfo r
senso

Injectors in operation

Various Injection Schemes

Single Point Injection
(SPI)
Central Port Injection
(CPI)

Continuous Injection
Multi Point Injection (MPI)

Direct Injection

Swirl Injection

Diesel Engines
Petrol Engines

 Injection

Single
Point
n
Injectio

Injects
Fuel at
throttle
body

Fuel
Pressure
- 10-15
psi

Contin
uo
us
Inject
ion

Flows at
all times

Fuel
Distribut
or

 Injection
Mul
Poi ti
Inje nt
ctio
n

Sequentia
l Batched
Injects into
intake
ports

40-60
psi

 Injection
t
Direc n
io
Inject

Higher
precision

Sw
Inje irl
ctio
n

Gas turbine
liquid rocket

26000 psi

angular

Advantages

EFI systems require little regular

maintenance
whereas
carburettors
typically requires seasonal and/or
altitude adjustments.
Airfow is often
improved with fuel
injection, the
components of
which allow more
design freedom to
improve the air's
path into the
engine.

By optimizing the homogeneity of

cylinder-to-cylinder
mixture
distribution,
all
the
cylinders
approach their maximum power
potential and the engine's overall
power output improves.

Dis-Advantages
An EFI system requires
several
peripheral
components in addition to
the injector(s), in order to
duplicate all the functions of
a carburettor.
A single carburettor replacement can
accomplish
what
might
require
numerous repair attempts to identify
which one of the several EFI system
components is malfunctioning.

During times of fuel

metering repair is
that
early
EFI
systems are prone
to
diagnostic
ambiguity.

Carburetor

13

Fuel system components

FUEL INJECTION PUMP - Fuel injection pump sucks

fuel from the tank , pressurizes the fuel to approx.
600 - 1000 bar and sends it to the injectors.
Inline FIP - Has separate pumping chambers for each cylinder
Rotary FIP(Distributor pump) - Has one pumping chamber and
the pump distributes to each cylinder as per sequence- firing
order

INJECTORS - Inject the high pressure fuel in to each

cylinder.

FUEL FILTER - Filters the fuel from dirt & sediments,

since the Fuel injection pump requires clean fuel.

Fuel system components

FUEL INJECTION PUMP - Fuel injection pump sucks

fuel from the tank , pressurizes the fuel to approx.
600 - 1000 bar and sends it to the injectors.
Inline FIP - Has separate pumping chambers for each cylinder
Rotary FIP(Distributor pump) - Has one pumping chamber and
the pump distributes to each cylinder as per sequence- firing
order

INJECTORS - Inject the high pressure fuel in to each

cylinder.

FUEL FILTER - Filters the fuel from dirt & sediments,

since the Fuel injection pump requires clean fuel.

15

Mechanical Fuel Pump

Fuel pump mechanical

17

Fuel pump electrical

18

Injection system
In the C.I. engine the fuel is injected into
the combustion chamber, it the has to mix
thoroughly with the air, ignite and burn all at
the same time. To insure this happens, two
types of combustion chamber have been
developed.

Direct
Injection
Indirect Injection

Fuel Injector

20

Common rail fuel injection system

21

Common rail injection

system

22

Air Intake and exhaust

system

23

24

Supercharger
It takes power from engine to
compress the air by using belt drive.

25

muffler/ silencer

26

Mufflers

27

29