LIGHTWEIGHT

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Sagar Malsane, Asst. Prof., NICMAR

INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION

High rise is defined differently by different bodies
TheInternational
A multi-story structure
Conference on Fire
between 35-100 meters
Safety
tall, or a building of
"any structure where the
unknown height from 12- height can have a
39 floors is termed as
serious impact on
high rise.
evacuation
Building code of
Hyderabad,IndiaA high-rise building is
one with four floors or
more, or one 15 meters
or more in height.

Massachusetts, United
States General Laws
A high-rise is being
higher than 70 feet
(21m).

Demand for High Rise

Building Load Types

Load
Types

Gravity
Loads

Dead
Loads

Live
Loads

Lateral
Loads

Rain
Load

Snow
Load

Wind
loads

Earthqua
ke Load

Structural Loads
Gravity loads
Dead loads
Live loads
Snow loads
Lateral loads
Wind loads
Seismic loads
Special load
cases
Impact loads
Blast loads

CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION

Conventional construction utilizes

structural members that depend on
size for strength.
The greater the span for a structural
member the larger it has to be to
support a given load.

Light Weight CONSTRUCTION

Strength does not derive from size, is

obtained from multiple members
that are in compression and tension.

Light Weight CONSTRUCTION

Members/Materials used for high rise buildings

Foundation
Steel Structural System- steel
Shear wall system
Concrete - High alumina cement used for roofs &
floors. It contains bauxite instead of clay, cement,
Portland cement of lime stone, silica.
Glass Structural glazing, Tempered glass.
Cladding material Glass,
Plastic for pipes, conduits etc.
Partitions for dividing floor spaces

Foundation Types

Raft foundation: one of the most common foundation. It is

known for its load distributing capability. With the usage of
this type of foundation the enormous load of the building
gets distributed & helps the building stay upright and
sturdy. Loads are transferred by raft into the ground.
Pile foundation: used for high rise construction. Load of
building is distributed to the ground with the help of piles.
Transfer the loads into the ground with an Adequate factor
of safety.
Combined raft-pile: is the hybrid of 2 foundation. It Consists
of both the pile and raft foundation. Useful in sandy soil
that has low bearing capacity.

Steel structural systems

Shear wall system

A type of rigid frame construction.
The shear wall is in steel or concrete to provide
greater lateral rigidity.
Horizontal and vertical loads - Wind &
earthquake loads.
Is composed of braced panels (or shear panels)
to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a
structure.
For skyscrapers, as the size of the structure
increases, so does the size of the supporting
wall.
Shear walls tend to be used only in conjunction
with other support systems.

Vertical Panel Systems

Crane-lifted panel systems are commonly used on

building sites to form vertical elements and usually
consist of a steel frame with plywood, steel, plastic or
composite material.
The systems are normally modular in nature,
assembly times and labor costs are considerably
lower than
Traditional formwork methods with far fewer
components required.
They offer greater opportunities for reuse for different
applications on site.
Panel systems are extremely flexible

Plastics
Properties of Plastics

Lightweight

Good Electrical

Rustproof

insulators

Strong
Flexible

Waterproof

Non-conductor

Good Thermal
insulators
Good resistance to
chemicals

Plastics - uses of plastics in

construction

Electrical Conduits

Water Seals

Roofing Tiles

Decorative Skirting

Electrical Insulation

Flooring tiles/finishes

Water pipes

Drainage pipes

Glass partitions

Glass partition walls are constructed using

glass sheets or hollow blocks.

Glass sheet partitions

Features

Wooden frame work is used in which glass

sheets are fixed.
Number of horizontal and vertical posts
spaced to divide the entire area into number
of panels.
Glass sheets are kept in position in the panel
either by using timber beadings or by putty.
Such partitions are light weight, vermin proof
and sound proof.

Steel Partitions
Features

Steel partition walls improve and create new spaces.

They can be quick and easy to install and can create
spaces such as a home office/study, a utility room, a
bathroom or a playroom.
Single skin steel partition
Double skin steel partition

Single skin steel partition

Panel heights
Panel width (mm)
c(mm)
2440, 2745, 3050 & 3660 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800,
900 & 1000
A Full Steel

B Steel / Glass Door

C Steel / Glass / Steel

D Steel / Glass

E Steel / Mesh / Steel

F Steel / Mesh

G Drop Down Hatch

H Steel / Mesh Door

Double skin steel partition

Panel heights
Panel width (mm)
c(mm)
2440, 2745, 3050 & 3660 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800,
900 & 1000
A Full Steel

B Steel / Glass Steel

C Steel / Glass

D Steel Double Door

E Timber Door

F Full Glazed with Blind

G Chair Rails Glazed

H Fully Glazed

Double skin steel partition

Panel heights
Panel width (mm)
c(mm)
2440, 2745, 3050 & 3660 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800,
900 & 1000
A Full Steel

B Steel / Glass Steel

C Steel / Glass

D Steel Double Door

E Timber Door

F Full Glazed with Blind

G Chair Rails Glazed

H Fully Glazed