defintion of learning styles

Learning styles refer to any individuals prefered

ways of going out about learning.it is generally
considered that ones learning style will result from
personality variables, invariables, including
psychological and cognative make-up, socio-cultural
backround, and educational experience

 Learning styles refer to an individuals

natural habitual, and preferred way of
absorbing, processing, and retaining new
information and skills. These learning
styles persist,regardless of teaching
methods and content areas.

What are the types of learning

styles?

Visual learners
learn through seeing....
These learners need to see the teachers body langauge
and facial expression to fully understand the content of a
lesson.they tend to prefer sitting at the front of the
calssroom to avoid visual obstruction(e.g peolpes head).
They may think in pictures and learn best from visual
displays including: daigrams,illustrated text books,
overhead transperencies, videos,flipcharts and handouts.during a lecture or classroom discussion, visual
learners often prefer to take detailed notes to absorb the
information.

Auditory learners
Learn through lsitening.
They learn best through verbal
lectrues,discussions,talking through to what
others have to say.Auditory learenrs interupt
underlying meanings of speech throughlistening
to tone voice, pitch,speed and nuances.Written
information may have little meaning untill it is
heard.These learners often benifit from raeding
text aloud and using a tape recorder.

Tactile/ kinesthetic learners

Learn through moving,doing and
touching
Tactile/kinesthetic persons learn best from
through a hands-on approach, acitivity
exploring the physical world around
them.They may find it hard sit still for long
periods and may become distracted by
their need for activity and exploration

Learning strategy training

defintion:
Strategies are learners deliberate
actions to make learning easier, faster,
more enjoyable, more self-directed,
more effective, and more transferable
to new situations (Oxford, 1990: 8)

 In 1970s Rubin invesitgated what good

language learners did to facilitate.from
this investigation, she indentified some of
their learinig strategies, the techniques or
devices which a learner may use to
acquire knowledge.

 Language educators realised that simply

regonizing to the process was not
sufficient.so,in order to maximize their
potential and contribute to their
autonomy,language learners needed
training in learning strategies.

The teachers role.

The role of the teacher(1)

Find out students strategies used before and the strategies

proved to be successful or less successful

The role of the teacher (2)

Help expand the students repertoire of strategies

The role of the teacher (3)

Provide the students with opportunities to practice

The role of the teacher (4)

Encourage the students to monitor and evaluate their strategy

use

Cooperative learning
Cooperative or collaberative learning essentailly
involves students learning from each other in
groups.but it is not the group configuration that
makes cooperative learning distinctive; it is the
way that students and teachers work together
that is important.In cooperative learning,
teachers teach students collaverative or social
skills so that they can work together more
effecteviley.Indeed, cooperation is not only way
of learning, but also a theme to be
communicated about and studied.

experience
obsevation
Prior to the lesson the
teacher has been reading
the students learning
journals, where the
students regularly write
about what and how they
are learning.the teacher
has also been interviewing
the students

principles
The students proir
knowledge and learning
experience should be
valued and built upon.

obsevation
The teacher decides to
have the students work
on the strategey of
advance organization.

principle
Studying certain
learning staretgies will
contribute to academic
success.

obsevation
The teacher models the
use of the strategy using
a think-loud
demonstration.

principle
the teachers job is
not only to teach
language,but to teach
learning

obsevation
The students evaluate
their success in learning
the strategy. They modify
the strategy to meet their
own learning needs.They
share their innovations
with their classmates.

principle
Students need to
become
independent,selfregulated learners.selfassessment contributes
to learner autonomy.

obsevation
The teacher asks the
students to try out the
new strategy on a diffrent
reading they choose for
homework that night.

principle
An important part of
learning a strategy is
being able to transfer
it.i,e use it in diffrent
situation.

Cooperative or collaberative learning essentailly

involves students learning from each other in
groups.but it is not the group configuration that
makes cooperative learning distinctive; it is the
way that students and teachers work together
that is important.In cooperative learning,
teachers teach students collaverative or social
skills so that they can work together more
effecteviley.Indeed, cooperation is not only way
of learning, but also a theme to be
communicated about and studied.

obsevation
The vocabulary lesson
will be done in
cooperative groups.Each
student is to help the
other students learn the
new vocabulary words.

principle
Students are
encouraged to think in
term positive
interdependence

obsevation
The students ask which
groups they should
form.The teacher tells
them to stay in the same
goups they have been in
this week.

principle
In cooperative learning,
students often stay
together in the same
groups for a peroid of
time so they can learn
how to work better
together.

obsevation
The teacher gives the
students the criteria for
judging how well they
have performed the task
they have been
given.There are
consequences for the
group and the whole
class.

principle
The efforts of an
individual help not only
thhe individual to be
rewarded, but also the
others in the class.

obsevation
The students are to work
on the social skill of
encouraging others.

principle
Social skills such as
acknowledging
anothers contribution,
asking others to
contribute, and keeping
the conversation calm
need to taught
explicitly.

obsevation
The students appear to
be busy working in their
groups.There is much
talking in the groups.

principle
Language acquisition is
facilitated by students
interacting in the target
language.

obsevation

principle