UAV CONCEPT DESIGN

Design Team D1

GCHQ1

Design Goals
Lightweight < 0.7Kg
Short Range
Aerial photography
Manoeuvrable
Component accessibility

Wing
Design
Tapered Wing
Less induced drag
Naca Profile
Wing Span
Wing Area
Mean Aerodynamic
Chord
Aileron Size
Taper Ratio (panel 2)

2412
1m
0.1672m2
0.189m

MAC= 0.189m

Span =
1m
Root chord =
0.2m

0.018
(11%)
0.75

Tip Chord chord =

0.15m

Panel 1 length=
0.124m
Panel 2 length=

Tail - Design

25mm
75m
m

Inverted V-tail
NACA 0010
2 control surfaces
Split Elevators
Less potential drag
Places tail outside prop wash
Tail arm = 250mm

110

200m
m

100m
m

376.66mm

Tail - Design

Horizontal Tail
=
Area
= Horizontal Tail
Arm

S = Wing Area
C = Average Wing
Chord
B = Wing Span
= Vertical Tail Area
= VerticalRanges
Arm for Tail volume
Standard
Coefficients:
= 0.30 0.60
= 0.02 0.05
Tail Volume Coefficients:
Vertical
= = 0.032
Horizontal = = 0.50

No

Aircraft

Vertical tail volume

coefficient ()

Glider and motor glider

Glider and motor glider

Horizontal tail volume

coefficient
)
0.6
0.6

1
1
2
2

Home-built
Home-built

0.5
0.5

0.04
0.04

3
3

0.7
0.7

0.04
0.04

0.8
0.8

0.07
0.07

5
5

GA-single prop-driven
GA-single prop-driven
engine
engine
GA-twin prop-driven
GA-twin prop-driven
engine
engine
GA with canard
GA with canard

0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05

6
6

Agricultural
Agricultural

0.5
0.5

0.04
0.04

7
7

Twin
Twin turboprop
turboprop

0.9
0.9

0.08
0.08

8
8

Jet
Jet trainer
trainer

0.7
0.7

0.06
0.06

9
9

Fighter
Fighter aircraft
aircraft

0.4
0.4

0.07
0.07

10

Fighter (with canard)

0.1

0.06

11

Bomber/military
transport

0.08

12

Jet Transport

1.1

0.09

4
4

0.03
0.03

Typical Values for vertical and horizontal tail volume coefficients.

(Sadraey, M)

(MIT
2006)

Wing Construction
Traditional Rib and spar
Construction
Front spar uses Top and
Bottom spar caps with
webbing
Balsa wood construction
Will be covered in a
lightweight film

Top and bottom caps resist

tension and compression due to
bending
Webbing resists shear stress
Takes advantage of the wood

Tail - Construction

Balsa Skinned with lightweight film

Servo mounted in middle of aerofoil
6 Ribs 5mm thick, 34mm apart
Tail boom: Carbon fibre tubes

Fuselage design
2 Part fuselage
with removable draw section
Tricycle Landing gear
Pusher Prop

Fuselage Construction
Speed
controller

RC Receiver
Battery

Camera
2 Part fuselage, with rail system for draw
Semi mono
Balsa construction with a film skin
Battery and Camera housed in detachable section

Fuselage Construction
Wing structure
passes
through
fuselage
Servos mounted
ahead of control
surfaces
Engine mounted in
rear fuselage

Stability

Neutral Point

30%

Centre of
Gravity
Static Margin

15%

Estimated
Mass*

0.650kg

15%

MAC

NP =
30%

COG =
15%
*Solidworks Mass
estimate

Stability

hn neutral-point
h0

aerodynamic centre
of the wing, typically 0.25

stabilizer efficiency
typically 0.6 (0.9 for a T-tail)

Vs stabiliser volume coefficient

Stabiliser Area
Tail arm

as

lift curve slope of stabiliser

aw

lift curve slope of wing

Wing Area

change in stabiliser downwash

angle versus change in wing
angle-of-attack, typically 0.5 to 0.33

Wing Chord

(Martin Simons, Model Aircraft

Aerodynamics)

Reynolds number
Range from 0-170000
Used JavaFoil to generate data for lift and drag.

L = MAC = 0.189m

Performan
ce

Stall Angle

10

Stall Speed

~8m
/s

(Data Generated In
Javafoil)

Stall
Angle

Stall
speed

NACA 2412

Performan
ce

Peak CL/CD = 23.56 at 3AOA

Corresponds to a flight speed of 12.8m/s

Performan
ce
Peak CL/CD = 23.56 at 3AOA
Corresponds to a flight speed of 12.8m/s

Wing
area of for reference
area

Does it meet the Requirements

Our design Delivers:
Easy Component access
Stable static margin, that is easy to change
V tail can assist ailerons in roll control
Relatively slow flight speed For indoor use
Less then 700grams

Where do we go from here?

Developing the design
Perform a structural analysis of key components and optimise
for weight
Perform aerodynamic analysis of key components and
optimise for drag
Test motor and prop combinations to develop performance
data
Implementing the design
Implementing servo layout and control testing
Build and test components to validate theoretical data

References
Raymer, D. (2006) Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach. 4th edn. Virginia:
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
Simons, M. (1999) Model aircraft aerodynamics. 4th edn. Swanley: Nexus Special
Interests.
MIT, (6/04/2006) Basic Aircraft Design Rules aeronautics and astronautics [online]
Available from http://
ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronautics-and-astronautics/16-01-unified-engineering-i-ii-iiiiv-fall-2005-spring-2006/systems-labs-06/spl8.pdf
Sadraey, M Chapter 6 Tail Design [online] Available from
<http://faculty.dwc.edu/sadraey/Chapter%206.%20Tail%20Design.pdf>

Questions?