PRESENTED BY:

FATIN AMIRAH AZHAR

DPM 11/12A

CONTENTS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF ASTHMA
SYMPTOMS
ASTHMA CAUSES
ASTHMA RISK FACTOR
ASTHMA TREATMENT

WHAT IS ASTHMA?
Asthma is an inflammatory disease.
Asthma is a condition in which your airways
narrow and swell and produce extra mucus.
This can make breathing difficult and trigger
coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.
Asthma can't be cured, but its symptoms can
be controlled.

Comparison of bronchi of normal and asthmatic individuals:

TYPES OF ASTHMA

SYMPTOMS:
Asthma signs and symptoms include:
Shortness of breath
Chest tightness or pain
Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath,
coughing or wheezing
A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling
(wheezing is a common sign of asthma in children)
Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by
a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu

ASTHMA CAUSES:

ASTHMA CAUSES:

ASTHMA RISK FACTORS:

Having a blood relative (such as a parent or sibling) with
asthma
Having another allergic condition, such as allergic rhinitis
(hay fever)
Being overweight
Being a smoker
Exposure to second-hand smoke
Having a mother who smoked while pregnant
Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used
in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

ASTHMA TREATMENT:
CLASSIFICATION:
SYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS (B2ADRENERGIC AGONIST)
CORTICOSTEROIDS
ANTICHOLINERGIC
LEUKOTRINE INHIBITORS
METHYLXANTHINES
CROMOLYN

DRUG USED TO TREAT ASTHMA

B2-Adrenergic Agonist
(Quick relief)
MOA: Stimulating sympathetic
nervous action on beta- receptor,
so it will relaxed bronchial
muscle in the lung.
EXAMPLE:
SALBUTAMOL (ALBUTEROL)
TERBUTALINE
SALMETEROL

DOSE AVAILABLE:
Salbutamol:
100mcg/dose inhalation
2mg/tablet
2mg/5mL syrup
Terbutaline:
0.5mg/dose inhalation powder
0.3mg/mL syrup
2.5mg/tablet
Salmeterol:
Salmeterol 25 mcg and Fluticasone Propionate 125 mcg Inhalation
Salmeterol 50 mcg and Fluticasone Propionate 250 mcg Inhalation
Salmeterol 50 mcg and Fluticasone Propionate 500 mcg Inhalation
ADR:
Faster heart rate, headache, tremors, muscle cramps, irritation of the mouth and throat

DRUG USED TO TREAT ASTHMA

CORTICOSTEROIDS
Steroids reduce
inflammation by:
Reversing mucosal
edema
Decreasing the
permeability of
capillaries
Inhibiting the
leukotrines & cytokines

Example:
Inhaled steroids:
Budesonide
Flucitasone
Beclomethasone
Oral steroids:
Prednisolone
Prednisone

Dose available:
Budesonide:
2oomcg/dose inhalation
Flucitasone:
125 mcg/dose
Inhalation
Beclomethasone:
100mcg/dose inhalation
200mcg/dose inhalation
Prednisolone:
3mg/5mL syrup
5mg/tablet

DRUG USED TO TREAT ASTHMA

CROMOLYN
Stabilize the membranes
of mast cells and prevent
mediator release,
probably by blocking
calcium gates.
ADR:
bad taste in the mouth
cough
sneezing
headache

DRUGS USED TO TREAT ASTHMA

Leukotrine Inhibitors:
Block the formation
of leukotrine from
arachidonic acid
Example:
Montelukast
zafirlukast

Dose available:
Montelukast:
10mg/tablet
5mg/chewable tablet
4mg/oral granuels
ADR:
Mood changes
Anxiety
Severe dizziness

DRUG USED TO TREAT ASTHMA

METHYLXANTHINE
Drugs:
Theophylline
MOA:
Increases level of cyclic adenosine
monophosphate
Dose available:
125mg/tablet
80mg/15mL syrup
ADR:
Chest pain or discomfort
shakiness

REFERENCES:
LIPPINCOTTS BOOK
MOH DRUG FORMULARY (MALAYSIA)
PHARMACOLOGY BOOK

THANK YOU