A SEMINAR ON

MAGNETIC LAVITATION TRAIN

PRESENTED BY :

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

KANHAIYA LAL
ME A-2
ROLL NO: 1306440054

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
MECHANICAL DEPT.
HCST FARAH MATHURA

Mr. NAGENDRA KUSHWAHA

MagLev Magnetic Leviation

Driving without wheels, Flying without wings

Magnetic Levitation

Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to

levitate a (usually) metallic object.
Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces
can levitate an object.
Using either Ferromagnetism or Diamagnetism , object
can be levitated.

Most important application of Magnetic Levitation is

Transrapid magnetic lift trains.

Basic Principle of Maglev Trains

Maglev trains have to perform the following functions to operate in high
speeds

1.Levitation
2.Propulsion
3.Lateral
Guidance

Types of Maglev Trains

1. Electromagnetic Suspension -Attractive
2. Electrodynamic Suspension -repulsive

Electromagnetic Suspension(EMS)
Electromagnetic Suspension uses
electromagnets to levitate the train of
attractive in nature

 The

rail, which is in the shape of T is a

ferromagnetic rail.
When a current is passed through it, and
the electromagnet switched on, there is
attraction which levitate the
electromagnets, which are below the rail,
raise up to meet the rail. The Train
levitates.

Gap Sensor
The attractive force is controlled by a gap sensor that measures the
distance between the rails and electromagnets.

Principle of Lateral Guidance

The levitation magnets and rail are both
U shaped(with rail being an inverted U).
The mouths of U face one another.
This configuration ensures that when ever a levitational force
is exerted, a lateral guidance force occurs as well.
If the electromagnet starts to shift laterally from the center of
the rail, the lateral guidance force is exerted in proportion to
the extent of the shift, bringing the electromagnet back into
alignment.

Electrodynamic Suspension
Electrodynamics Suspension uses
Superconductors for levitation, propulsion and
lateral guidance

PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION
The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides of the
guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating current from
a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field on the guideway.
The on-board superconducting magnets are attracted and pushed
by the shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.
Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the
reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive
forces.

 An EDS system can provide both levitation and

propulsion
EMS systems can only levitate the train using the
magnets onboard, not propel it forward.

Pros and Cons of Different Technologies

TECHNOLOGY
EMS
(Electromagnetic
suspension)

PROS

CONS

Magnetic fields inside and

outside the vehicle are less
than EDS; proven,
commercially available
technology that can attain
very high speeds
(500 km/h); no wheels or
secondary propulsion
system needed

The separation between

the vehicle and the
guideway must be
constantly monitored and
corrected by computer
systems to avoid collision
due to the unstable nature
of electromagnetic
attraction; due to the
system's inherent instability
and the required constant
corrections by outside
systems, vibration issues
may occur.

TECHNOLOGY

EDS
(Electrodynamic
suspension)

PROS

CONS

Onboard magnets and

large margin between rail
and train enable highest
recorded train speeds
(581 km/h) and heavy load
capacity; has demonstrated
(December 2005)
successful operations using
superconductors in its
onboard magnets, cooled
with inexpensive liquid
nitrogen

Strong magnetic fields

onboard the train would
make the train inaccessible
to passengers with
pacemakers or magnetic
data storage media such as
hard drives and credit
cards, necessitating the
use of magnetic shielding;
limitations on guideway
inductivity limit the
maximum speed of the
vehicle; vehicle must be
wheeled for travel at low
speeds.

Advantages of Magnetic
Levitated Transportation System
Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at
the same speed (1/3 more power for the same amount of energy).
The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half
that of conventional long-distance railroads.
Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than
airplanes, 250 times safer than conventional railroads, and 700
times safer than automobile travel.
Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard
The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are noncombustible, poor penetration transmitters of heat, and able to
withstand fire.

Current Projects
Currently operational systems include Transrapid (Germany )
and High Speed Surface Transport (Japan ). There are
several other projects under scrutiny such as the Swiss
Metro, Seraphim and Inductrack. All have to do with personal
rapid transit
Germany and Japan have been the pioneering countries in
Maglev research

MAGLEV TRAIN IN
PERSPECTIVE OF INDIA
Pune (Pimple Saudagar) Mumbai (Panvel): The Indian Ministry was in the process
of reviewing a proposal to start a Maglev train system in India. It had been estimated
that the cost to complete this process would be over $30 Billion. The company who
sent the proposals is based in the United States.There had been feelers sent to Lalu
Prasad, Railway Minister.However, the plan was dropped in favor of Garib Rath
(poor people's cart) that promises transport at a very low cost. But now Mumbai is
planning
to have its first Maglev connecting to Pune, which will take 30 minutes along the 200
km stretch . This is planned near Hinjewadi IT park in an area called Pimple
Saudagar. Pune and Mumbai has a freeway(also called as expressway) where
approximately 14000 vehicles travel daily, making fuel consumption at 2 million
liters a day . The business proposal is to reduce the fuel consumption and promote
Maglev by income from Carbon Credit Sales.

Other Applications
NASA plans to use magnetic levitation in various research
projects
Boeing is pursuing research in MagLev to provide a
Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the Air Force.
The mining industry will also benefit from MagLev.
There are probably many more undiscovered applications!

Conclusion
The MagLev Train: Research on this dream train' has been
going on for the last 30 odd years in various parts of the world.
The chief advantages of this type of train are:
Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent of
friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.
Maintenance costs decrease
The MagLev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the current
rail system. A country like India could benefit very much if this
were implemented here. Further possible applications need to
be explored.

QUERIES ????