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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Whether a chemical reaction will or wont occur under
particular conditions is determined by the laws of
thermodynamics.
Keeping it simple -
By coupling favourable to
unfavourable reactions.
favorable
reactions
unfavorable
reactions
ATP LIFES
ENERGY
CURRENCY
ATP =
Adenosine
Triphosphate
Energy is released
when ATP is
hydrolyzed (broken
down by water) to
ADP.
ATP is restored
from ADP and an
input of energy.
ATPs energy is
used to drive
endergonic
(energy-requiring)
reactions.
Enzymes
Lower a
Reactions
Activation
Energy
ENZYME ACTION
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/
0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/anim
ation__how_enzymes_work.html
Hexokinase
, an enzyme
(blue),
binding its
substrate,
glucose
(yellow).
What is it?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
is a hereditary disease
that is caused by the
lack of a liver enzyme
required to digest
phenylalanine.
Phenylalanine is an
amino acid that is most
commonly found in
protein-containing foods
such as meat, cow's
milk, over the counter
infant formulas (both
regular and soy) and
breast milk.
A phenylketonuria (PKU)
test is done to check
whether a newborn baby
has the enzyme needed to
use phenylalanine in his
or her body. Phenylalanine
is an amino acid that is
needed for normal growth
and development. If a
baby's body does not
have the enzyme that
changes phenylalanine
into another amino acid
called tyrosine, the
phenylalanine level builds
up in the baby's blood and
can cause brain damage,
seizures, and mental
deficiencies.
Feedback inhibition - a
common form of enzyme
regulation in which the
product inhibits the enzyme .