BONDING AND APPLIED

SURFCE PHENOMENA
:DENTAL APPLICATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Leakage around restoration

Retention of the upper denture
Plaque attachment to teeth
Bonding of orthodontic brackets
Welding of gold foil
Enamel and dentin adhesives

I-

ADHESION:
Attraction
between
dissimilar molecules; it may be chemical
(chemisorption) or physical which is
weaker.
E.g. two glass discs with a film of water in
between.
Upper denture + hard palate + saliva film
in between.
Adhesive
Adherened
Adhesive junction

- WETTING AND WETTABILITY

The extent by which the adhesive
will wet the surface of adherend is
determined by the contact angle
which measure the spreadability
angle between the liquid and
solids surfaces.

When = 0
perfect
adhesion

When =90 poor adhesion

When is less than

90
good adhesion

When is greater than 90

poor adhesion

Factors affecting wetting

i.

Surface

tension

of

the

dhesive
ii.
iii.

Surface energy of adherend

Surface irregularities
of

dherent
iv. Viscosity of the adhesive

NB: If the distance between two

surfaces is greater than 0.0007 m
there is no adhesion.
A thin film of easily flowing liquid
provides contact between two surface.
The extent by which the adhesive will
wet the surface of adherend is
determined by the contact angle
which measure the spreadability angle
between the liquid and solids
surfaces.

1. Thickness of the adhesive

junction
2. Contraction stresses of the
adhesive
3.Thermal stresses
4.Type of bond
1ry >2 ry bond (soldering > gluing)
5.cleanliness
debris and contaminations decrease
wetting &
strength

1- failure
of adhesive
bond
2- failure
of adhesive
3- failure
of
adherend

Difficulties encountered:
1- inhomogeneous structure of
enamel and dentin
2- surface irregularities of the
prepared cavity
3-debris in the prepared cavity
4-presence of water

Chemical such as polycarboxylate and glass ionomer

cementsthroughcarboxylgroup(-COOH)withCa++
chelation.
Mechanical(

micromechanical

Acid etching to increase bond strength of

the restoration to tooth structure:
Use 35-50 % ortho-phosphoric acid for 1530 sec This will
Remove 5 of the enamel. And create
micropores increasing penetration of the
bonding agent(Adhesive) forming microtags
creating micromechanical interlocking.

Clean,etch,wash,dry&apply

It is more complicated than enamel

because:
it is always wet presence of
smear layer lower inorganic
content
Most
resin
adhesives
are
hydrophobic(traditionally)

smear layer is 5- 10 thick formed

during routine cavity preparation.
It is composed of collagen matrix
containing
inorganic
tooth
structure, blood, saliva and
bacteria.
During shrinkage of the resin
adhesive it would pull smear layer
creating microleakage.

Recently dentin adhesives have a

hydrophilic groups and some believe that
it is chemical adhesion.
The basic constituent of dentin adhesive
are
a- conditioner b- primer c- adhesive

The basic constituent of dentin adhesive are

a- conditioner b- primer c- adhesive
recently the three components are in one
bottle

succefull dentin bonding agent

form what is called (HYBRID
LAYER)(RESIN REINFORCED
TISSUE) it is partly tooth
structure and partly resin.