2D SHAPES

'2D' stands for 2dimensional. A 2D shape is

any shape that has two
dimensions. Think about what
it means to have two
dimensions for a moment. If
we had only one dimension to
work with, we could only

Images of 2D shapes

3D SHAPES
We live in a three-dimensional world.
Every object you can see or touch has
three dimensions that can be measured:
length, width, and height. The room you
are sitting in can be described by these
three dimensions. The monitor you're
looking at has these three dimensions.
Even you can be described by these three
dimensions. In fact, the clothes you are
wearing were made specifically for a
person with your dimensions.
In the world around us, there are many

Images of 3D shapes

Views of 3D shapes
3D object can look
differently from different
positions so they can be
drawn from different
perspectives. For example:

Face
Part of a 3D
shape that is
flat.
Example: A
cube has 6
faces.

Edge

The line
where two
faces meet
on a 3D
object.
Example: A
cube has 12
edges.

Vertex (Vertices)
The point
where three
or more
edges meet.
This cube has
8 vertices all
together.

Base

Base

The
bottom
face of a
3D
object is
called as
base.

Polyhedron
A geometric object
with flat faces and
straight edges.
A polyhedron is a
three - dimensional
figure made up of
sides called faces,
each face being a
polygon.

Convex Polyhedron
A convex polyhedron can be defined
as a polyhedron for which a line
connecting any two (no coplanar)
points on the surface always lies in
the interior of the polyhedron. The 92
convex polyhedral having only
regular polygons as faces are called
the Johnson solids, which include the
Platonic solids and Archimedean
solids.

Regular polyhedron
A regular polyhedron is a polyhedron
whose symmetry group acts transitively
on its flags. A regular polyhedron is highly
symmetrical, being all of edge-transitive,
vertex-transitive and face-transitive. In
classical contexts, many different
equivalent definitions are used; a
common one is that faces are congruent
regular polygons which are assembled in
the same way around each vertex.

Eulers Formula
In mathematics, and more
specifically in algebraic topology
and polyhedral combinatory, the
Euler characteristic is a
topological invariant, a number
that describes a topological
space's shape or structure
regardless of the way it is bent. It
is commonly denoted by (Greek
lower-case letter chi).

Map
In many branches of mathematics, the
term map is used to mean a function,
sometimes with a specific property of
particular importance to that branch. For
instance, a "map" is a continuous function
in topology, a linear transformation in
linear algebra, etc. Sets of maps of special
kinds are the subjects of many important
theories. A partial map is a partial
function, and a total map is a total
function.

K
N
A
TH
U
O
Y