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Fuel Cell
The energy solution for Future
Seminar by :-
Fuel cell
-Energy of
Future
Electricity
In principle, Fuel cells are
electrochemical
devices
like
batteries
that
convert
the
chemical energy of a fuel directly
and
very
efficiently
into
electricity (DC) and heat, thus
doing away with combustion.
Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does
not
run
down
or
require
recharging. It will produce energy
in the form of electricity and heat
as long as fuel is supplied.
Electrodes
Electrolyte
OXYGEN
Fuel
Reformer
FUEL INPUT
Converts
to
Hydrogen
HYDROGEN
RICH GAS
(AIR)
FUEL
CELL
DC POWER
OUTPUT
INVERTER
WATER
HEAT
RECOVERY
Additional Heat
AC POWER
OUTPUT
www.minihydrogen.dk
Hydrocarbons:
Oxidation:
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
Still produces CO2!!
Incomplete Oxidation:
2 CH4 + O2 2 CO
+ 4 H2
Produces CO that must be converted to CO2!!
Electrolysis of water
Combustion
chamber
Fuel cell
Heat
Turbine or engine
Mechanical
energy
Electric
generator
Electric current
FC is an
electrochemical device
in which the energy of
fuel and oxidant
continuously supplied
to electrodes is directly
converted into
electricity without lowefficient combustion
process.
As there is no
heat/power conversion
in these devices, their
Electrolyte
Anode gas
Cathode
gas
Temp
o
C
Efficienc
y%
Proton Ex
Membrane
(PEM)
Solid
polymer
membrane
Hydrogen
Pure or Atm
Oxygen
75
35 - 60
Alkaline
(AFC)
Potassium
Hydroxide
Hydrogen
Pure
Oxygen
< 80
50 - 70
Direct
Methanol
( DMFC)
Solid
polymer
membrane
Methanol
solln in
Water
Atm
Oxygen
75
35 - 40
Phosphoric Acid
(PAFC)
Phosphorus
Hydrogen
Atm
Oxygen
210
35 - 50
Molten
Carbonate
(MCFC)
Alkali
Carbonate
Hydrogen /
Methane
Atm
Oxygen
650
40 - 55
Ceramic
Oxides
Hydrogen /
Methane
Atm
Oxygen
800 1000
45 - 60
Solid Oxide
( SOFC)
Methane in-situ .
Current Products:
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)
adapters for wireless sets
Current Status:
26 models in current use
(use in US )
Benefits:
Low noise, Low heat
Light weight
Operates between
-20C and 95C.
Honda has
also built a
hydrogen
production
and filling
station
zero emissions
Physical security : resources evenly distributed in
nature
High Reliability
Reduced number of energy transformations
High Efficiency as high as 85%
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
Storage
Production
Use
Innovative Tank
Designs
Bio-mass &
Electrolysis
Solar powered
Electrolysis
Photoelectrochemical
Algal Production
Fuel cell
future energy