Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DR. M BILAL
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH SCIENCES
WHAT IS AN ABSTRACT
A brief summary of a research article/analysis of
a particular subject or discipline.
Beginning of article.
It states the purpose, methods, and findings,
conclusions of your research project.
It should not state feelings and/or conscious
states, e.g. likes, dislikes, preferences,
annoyances, etc., of the writer of the synopsis.
STRUCTURE
RESEARCH FOCUS
(objectives/statement of the problem/issue)-
crispy, short,
METHODS
CONCLUSIONS
End result.
WHY TO WRITE
ABSTRACT
INFO. OF YOUR REASEARCH PROJECT
Help reader decide whether to read
your text or not
Help scholars to find your article
without reading full article.
Searching literature.
LIMITATIONS
SUCCINT INFORMATION
flows
smoothly
COMMON PROBLEMS
TOO SHORT
TOO LONG
FAILURE TO INCLUDE IMPORTANT
INFO.
UNNECESSARY INFORMATION
TIPS
DOs
Author and co-author
names
Place quoted material in
quotations
Break long sentences
Eliminate waste words
Double spaced
Must read instructions
Authors name italicised
Write in past tense
Use scientific words in full,
afterwards use
abbreviations
Give units of
measurement
DONTs
Revision Techniques
ADDITION
DELETION
sentence
SUBSTITUTION
TRANSPOSITION
COMBINATION
ATTENTION
Students are required to submit the
questionnaire latest by
2011
27th May
THANK YOU