Back

Location Posterior surface of trunk

Associated bones Vertebral column

Scapulae

Clavicles

Humerus

Innominate

Back Muscles

Trapezius Kite shaped

Upper fibers
Origin External occipital protuberance,C1-C7 vertebrae

along ligamentum nuchae

Insertion-Lateral 1/3rd of clavicle and acromion process
Movements Origin fixed -Elevation,Upward rotation , assists in retraction
Insertion fixed- Rotation of neck to opposite side,
Extension of neck
Middle fibers
Origin-Spinous processes of T1 to T5 vertebrae
Insertion-Acromion process and superior border of spine of

scapula
Movements Retraction,Assists in elevation and depression

Lower fibers
Origin T6 to T12

vertebrae
Insertion- Spine of
Scapula
Movements- Depression,
Downward rotation,assists
in retraction

Latissimus Dorsi
Flat broad muscle of Back
Origin
Spinous process of T7 to L5
Iliac crest of the pelvis
Thoraco lumbar fascia
Ribs 912
Inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion
Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Primary action
Shoulder extension

Shoulder vertical
adduction
Secondary action

Shoulder internal
rotation

Teres Major
Rounded Major muscle of back
ORIGIN
Lower 1/3rd lateral border of the scapula
INSERTION
Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Primary movements

Shoulder

extension
Shoulder
adduction
Secondary movement Shoulder
hyperextension
Shoulder
internal rotation

Levator Scapulae
Muscle which elevates scapula
ORIGIN
Transverse processes of C1C4
INSERTION
Superior vertebral border of the scapulae
Primary movement Scapular

elevation,cervical extension, lateral flexion,

and ipsilateral rotation
Assists in downward rotation of scapula.

Rhomboids(Major and
minor)
Rhombus shaped
Origin Spinous processes of C7 to T5
Insertion - Medial border of the scapula
Primary movement Scapular retraction
Scapular elevation
Secondary movement Downward rotation

Erector spinae
Muscles which keep the spine erect
A)Illiocostalis --- Muscles from illium of innominate to ribs
1)Lumborum Extends and laterally flexes lower back
2)Thoracis- Extends and laterally flexes trunk
3)Cervicis- Extends and laterally flexes neck
B)Longissimus Dorsi longest muscle group of back. Its

consists of
1)Capitis-Used to hold head erect
2)Cervicis-Used to move of stabilise neck
3)Thoracis-Used in extension and side bending

C)Spinalis muscle group

1)Spinalis capitis- Extends and laterally flex

from base of head at cervical when u try to reach

above your muscular reach.
2)Spinalis cervicis Extends and laterally flex
spine at cervical when u try to reach above your
muscular reach.
3)Spinalis Thoracis - Extends and laterally flex

spine at thoracic region when u try to reach above

your muscular reach.