Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Impeller
Compression Packing
Packing Pusher
(Gland Packing)
(Gland)
Stuffing Box
Fastner
DISADVANTAGE OF PACKING.
Power Consumption is high. The Ratio of
Power Consumption of Mechanical Seal to
Compression is 1: 8
Leakage is very high and unpredictable.
Varies with the compression on the packing.
The Ratio of Leakage of Mechanical seal to
compression Packing is 1 : 600
No automatic wear compensation.
Fretting on Sleeve or Shaft.
Rotary
3. Along
the Shaft
Stationary
5. BETWEEN
THE SEAL
FACES
Double Suction
Suction pressure = stuffing box pressure
Viscosity
Generally the higher the viscosity, the better the
lubricating characteristics
A product with a viscosity of 20,000 SSU (5000 cp) can be
sealed with standard seals
Beyond 5000 cp, the drive unit has to be beefed up to
compensate for the increased shear occurring at the sealing
faces.
For high viscous applications:
Single seal with external flush
Double seal with external flush
The viscosity & lubricity of water decrease with increased
temperature. Above 82C (viscosity 0.35 cp) seal faces can
contact each other and wear rapidly, unless specially designed
Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity = Density of a substance
Density of Water at 4C
Specific gravity is used to estimate the lubricity of light
hydrocarbons
Specific gravity below 0.68 (Heptane), require one face
as carbon and special seal face design with higher
balance to contain fugitive emissions
Vapour Pressure
THE PRESSURE AT WHICH A LIQUID WILL FLASH
INTO VAPOR AT GIVEN TEMPERATURE
If seal generated heat causes the sealing liquid to boil
in seal chamber pressure, the liquid film between the
seal faces will vaporize.
Solution :
Increase seal chamber pressure with proper bypass
flush line and throat restriction device.
Cooling the seal chamber. Seal chamber should be kept
at least 15C below the boiling point of the product at
the seal chamber pressure
Cavitations
OPERATED UNDER CAVITATING CONDITIONS
FOR SUFFICIENT LENGTH OF TIME:
* Pitting of impeller vanes and pump volute
* Short bearing life and heavy loading
*Shaft breakage and other fatigue failures in the pump
Normal Pump
Operation
Pump Cavitation
Mode
Seal chamber
temperature (C)
65
65
Shaft sleeve
vibration, mils p-p
1.9
2 to 8.4
Seal face
vibration, mils p-p
<2.0
13 to 35
Seal face
temperature ( C )
67 to 74
166 to 427
Springs
Collar
Gland Ring
Insert
Mounting
Compression Ring
Spring Pins
Insert
Compression Unit
Seal Ring
Shaft Packing
Gland Gasket
TYPES OF SEALS
Outside seal
(Single seal
Based on mounting
Inside seal
Based on arrangement
Single seal
Double seal
Based on design
Balanced
Pusher type
(spring design)
Single coil
spring
Multi
spring
Unbalanced
Gas seal
Special seal
Based on construction
Slurry seal
Rotary
bellow
Teflon bellow
Metal bellow
Stationary
bellow
Elostamar
bellow
TANDEM SEAL
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
Seal Hardware Materials.
300 Series Stainless Steel like SS 316, SS 316L
400 Series Stainless Steel like SS 410
Duplex Stainless Steel
Alloy 20
Hastalloy B & C
Monel
Inconel
Nickel
Titanium
Stellite
Ni-Resist
Bronze
Pure Graphite
-400 C
Environmental Control
Environmental control is a key factor for
the proper functioning of Mechanical seal.
(I.e) flushing / quenching / Cooling or
heating / Jacketing / etc.,
Flushing of Seal.
API Plan 12
API Plan 13
Re-circulation from Seal Chamber to Suction
API Plan 21
Bypass Flush through Heat Exchanger
Orifice (when specified)
Close
Clearance
Bushing
Heat Exchanger
Pumping Ring
Circulating Device
API Plan - 31
API Plan 32
External Flush
Single Inside Seal
Close
Flow
Meter
Pressure Gauge
Clearance
Throat
Restriction /
LIP SEAL
External
Flushing
Source
API Plan - 51
Vent Connection
API Plan - 52
API Plan - 53
API Plan 54
API Plan - 61
API Plan - 62
Flush and Quench
EQUIPMENT CONDITION
Max 0.004
Failure Analysis
Fretting Corrosion
High Spots
O-Ring Extrusion
Erosion
Heat Checking
Vaporization.
BLISTERING
SPALLING
2PM 41D
11PM 6A
11P 10A
11PM 3B
11PT 2B
12PM 1B
16PM 4A
16PM 4A
42PM 17A
42PM 17A
12PM 1B
16PM 4A
CASE STUDY
Unit:
MEROX
Pump Item No.
16 P 04 AAmine Sump Pump.
Pump make
KSB WKT 50 / 2
Fluid handled:
Acid Condensate / H2S / NH3& solvents.
Operating Temp.
70o C
Max. Discharge Pr.
8.0 Kg/ cm2
Seal Size & Type
1.750 RA Outside seal
Seal Faces
Tung.Car / Carbon
Packing
Viton.
Flushing Plan
11 & 13
Due to urgent need and since there was no pump was available for the service, HPCL
had a spare Hot Well pump, which met the operating parameters was installed.
After few days of running the seal has failed.
The pump was opened and the internals were checked. The main attack was to the
secondary packing. Due to damage of packing the Carbon face also damaged.
Remedial action was taken by modifying the seal and the packing were revised to
Kalrez. The revised seal was installed about a week back, and the performance is being
monitored.
Contd
INTERACTIVE SESSION.
Use of Mech. Seal or Packing.
Can we convert packing to seal vis-a vis.
Carbon face to be Rotary or Stationery
Selection of seal type.