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uency 120
80
Predicted A1 range for 12Cr-2W steel
140
120
Thermo-based estimates of A1 may have
important implications for Cr-Mo steel
component fabrication
In homogenized wrought material, A1 is uniquely defined
by alloy chemistry
A1 is most often estimated from measurements on a
limited number of alloys - AC1
AC1 is not a unique temperature
It increases with heating rate during measurement
Using AC1 ’s to specify PWHT temperatures increases the
probability of exceeding A1’s
PWHT limit of 800°C for 9Cr’s adopted by ASME B&PV
Code is based on AC1 data
It may be prudent to reconsider Code specified limits
Continuing work
Base metal alloys at extremes are
being made for experimental
measurements
Consideration of MS estimates
Weld metal compositions – which
ones?
Other Cr-Mo steels?
Mechanisms of Type IV weld failure are
being studied in collaboration with NIMS
500
ture (°C)
800
600
Result: 14% overtempered α ′ , 21% regrown α , 61.5% α ′ , 3.5% γ
Austenite transformation is much more
sluggish in HAZ of N130B
ture (°C)
800
600
Result: 54% overtempered α ′ , 23% regrown α , 22.5% α ′ , 0.5% γ
Continuing work
Microstructure & hardness analysis
Analysis of effects on creep behavior &
Type IV failure
Transformation kinetics experiments &
model
Effects of individual elements, e.g., B, Co
P91 base & weld metals
Efforts to improve strength of Ni-based
alloys is being leveraged through
collaborative effort with CRIEPI
1
WSF (t,T) = σWELD (t,T) / σBM (t,T)
0.8
0.6
0.4
GTAW - All Data
GTAW - Tube Cross Weld
0.2 GTAW - 1/4" Plate Cross Weld
GTAW - 1/4" Plate Weld Metal
0
600 650 700 750 800 850
o
TEMPERATURE ( C)
25
14
20 12
se