Design of High Gain Vivaldi

Antenna for Microwave Imaging

Application
By: Dheeraj Kumar (124217),

Project Mentor: Dr.D.Vakula

Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE

Problem Statement
Designing and Simulating an High gain
compact Antipodal Tapered slot Vivaldi
antenna with end fire radiation for
microwave imaging applications .

Problem Specification
Design and analysis of a high gain compact size
Vivaldi antenna with end fire radiation pattern to be
used in microwave imaging like tumor detection .
Operational Bandwidth 2.4 GHz 12 GHz
-15 dB Impedance Bandwidth

Introduction (UWB Technology)

Ultra Wide Band Technology is a Radio Technology for
transmitting large amount of data with very low power for a
short distance.
Federal Communication Commission has allocated
frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz for UWB Applications
Any System Which has an Absolute Bandwidth of over 500
MHz or Relative Bandwidth of greater than 25% is said to be
an UWB system.
The First Pulse Based UWB Spark Gap radio was developed
by Guglielmo Marconi in late 1800 to transmit morse code .

Vivaldi Antennas

UWB Antennas with compact size, stable ,end fire radiation pattern
and high gain finds lots of application in radar, microwave imaging
,remote sensing and UWB communication system.

To achieve such Goals Tapered slot Antenna with compact size is

used.

Vivaldi antenna is a kind of tapered slot antenna working on the

principle of travelling wave antennas having wide operating
frequency range band due to its frequency independent radiating
property.

Vivaldi Antenna was first proposed by y P. J. Gibson in 1979.

Vivaldi Antenna is Easy to fabricate on a circuit board and there

polarization is linear

Types of Vivaldi Antenna

The Vivaldi Antenna has three main Categories .

InCoplanar Vivaldi antennatwo radiator planes are on the same

side of the dielectric material. The antenna can be fed by aperture
coupling from the other side as depicted in the Figure .

In Antipodal Vivaldi antennais proposed to solve the feeding in

coplanar ones. In this type of Vivaldi antenna one of the layers is
printed on top and the other one which is tapered in opposite
direction is printed on the bottom of the dielectric substrate
material.

TheBalanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna (BAVA)consists of

three copper layers. An dielectric layer has been added on top of
the antipodal structure and an additional metal plate just like the
one in the bottom of the antenna has been printed on top of the
newly added layer

Coplanar

Applications of Vivaldi
Antenna
1. High Range Radar Systems
2. Satellite Communication
3 . Short Range Communication System
. Microwave Imaging:
1. Detection of Cancerous cells
2. Detection of on body concealed weapons
3. See through wall applications

Antenna Diagram

HFSS Model of Antenna

Specifications of the Designed

antenna
Antipodal Tapered Slot Antenna
Operational Bandwidth 2-18 GHz
Travelling Wave Antenna Designed on Rogers 5880 having
dielectric constant 2.2 and thickness h=1.574 mm.
Size of the Antenna Designed is 160 X 120 mm
Feeding Mechanism is a balun comprising of a microstrip, a
parallel stripline and a symmetric double-sided slotline

Simulation Results

Return loss

Gain Of Antenna Vs. Frequency

Gain in dB and frequency in GHz

Radiation Patterns of Antenna

E plane Pattern of the Antenna at

f =9.5 GHz

H Plane Pattern at f=9.5 GHz

Results and Conclusion

Vivaldi Antennas offer a constant gain with minimal
variations over the mid range frequency( 8 15 GHz)
Analysis of return loss and gain of the antenna with
frequency
Analysis of the radiation pattern( E and H plane Patterns) of
the antenna

Future Scope
Designing and Simulation of ATSA with corrugations to
increase the gain over operational bandwidth and increase
the front to back lobe ratio.
To Reduce the low end of frequency band for superior
performance up to 0.5 GHz .
To study the effect of tumor on the return loss parameter of
the antenna.
To study how to reduce the return loss and increase the gain
at low frequencies.
To Understand the Time Domain Analysis of the Antenna .

References
1. Mohammed A. Alzabidi, Majed A. Aldhaeebi, and Ibrahim Elshafiey Development of UWB vivaldi Antenna For
Microwave Imaging .Electronics,Communication and Photonics conference(SIECPC)2013 Saudi International .
2 Muhammad Ahmad Ashraf, Khalid Jamil, A.R. Sebak , Mobeen Shoaib, Zeyad Alheka. "Modified Antipodal Vivaldi
Antenna with Shaped Elliptical Corrugation for 118-GHz UWB Application ." Applied Computational
Electromagnetics Society
Journal January 2015
3 G. K. Pandey, H. S. Singh, P. K. Bharti, A. Pandey, and M. K. Meshram "High Gain Vivaldi Antenna for Radar And
Microwave Imaging Applications" International Journal Of signal Processing vol 3 No 1 (2015).
.
4 Abhijith B N, Dr. M J Akhtar . "Optimization of Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications " U.S. Patent
Application 12/427,318.
5. Werner Wiesbeck, Fellow IEEE, Grzegorz Adamiuk, Student Member IEEE, and Christian Sturm, Student
Member IEEE. "Basic Properties and Design Principles of UWB Antennas." Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions
on 61.3 (2014): 1179-1192.
6. K. Yekeh Yazdandoost. "Design and Analysis of an Antenna for Ultra-Wideband System ." Industry Applications,
IEEE Transactions on 50.3 (2014): 2061-2070.

Base Papers followed

1. Mohammed A. Alzabidi, Majed A. Aldhaeebi, and Ibrahim Elshafiey
Development of UWB vivaldi Antenna For Microwave Imaging
.Electronics, Communication and Photonics conference(SIECPC)2013
Saudi International .
2. Muhammad Ahmad Ashraf, Khalid Jamil, A.R. Sebak , Mobeen Shoaib,
Zeyad Alheka. "Modified Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with Shaped
Elliptical Corrugation for 118-GHz UWB Application ." Applied
Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal January 2015
3. G. K. Pandey, H. S. Singh, P. K. Bharti, A. Pandey, and M. K. Meshram
"High Gain Vivaldi Antenna for Radar And Microwave Imaging
Applications" International Journal Of signal Processing vol 3 No 1
(2015).

Thank you!