Effects of CO2 on Growth

Effects of CO2 on Growth

At ambient aeration (0.036% CO2), the pH of the algal
cultures were observed to rise in the range 7.79-8.73
CO2 enriched aeration caused the pH of the medium to
decrease which in effect causing downward shift of pH
between 7.0-6.0
at 1% CO2 aeration, the pH of the culture at day 7 were
observed to rise to 7.35-7.60
then after day 14 the pH was observed to shift
downward; at 3% CO2 aeration, the pH of the culture
gradually shift downward at day 7 between 7.00-6.79.

Effects of CO2 on Growth

pH range at different conditions of Fe3+ and CO2
concentration
% CO
Fe (M)
pH Range
Ave pH
Dbm(mg/L)
3+

2.40E-05

0.036

7.90-8.73

8.320.07

6826.4575

4.80E-05

0.036

7.79-8.68

8.240.07

12070

9.60E-05

0.036

7.80-8.70

8.330.04

136.6740.4145

2.40E-05

7.95-7.24

7.460.02

143.3375.7188

4.80E-05

8.10-7.18

7.480.01

163.3320

9.60E-05

7.92-7.15

7.480.05

203.3323.0940

2.40E-05

8.00-6.90

7.220.01

246.6781.4453

4.80E-05

7.88-6.79

7.140.03

263.3358.5947

9.60E-05

7.95-6.80

7.190.01

19065.5744

Effects of CO2 on Growth

the gradual decrease of average pH of the culture towards neutrality
significantly resulted in the increase of the growth of the algal
culture.
There is also relation to the production of chlorophyll a, which is the
important energy capture portion of algae.
production of chlorophyll a, which is the important energy capture
portion of algae. Base on the results conducted by Lewandowska and
Kosakowska (2004), there is a significant decrease in the production
of chlorophyll a when there is iron-starvation in each algal culture
There is also a pH range, specifically 8.1-7.4, in which suggest an
increase of Fe solubility at about 40% (Breitbarth, Bellerby, Neill,
Ardelan, Meyerhofer, Zollne, Croot & Riebesell4, 2010).

Effects of CO2 on Growth

Dry biomass yield of C. vulgaris under various growth
condition

Effects of CO2 on Growth

algal cultures in the same concentration of Fe (2.4E-05,
4.8E-05 and 9.6E-05) exhibited higher growths, in terms
of dry biomass, in almost all the higher levels of
concentrations for CO2 (1% and 3%) than that of the
ambient CO2 (0.036%).
The growth in 1% CO2 compared to that of 0.036% CO2
were consistently and significantly higher by 26.552.6%, and the culture in 3% CO2 had a higher growth
than that of 1% CO2 for both 2.4E-05 and 4.8E-05 Fe
concentrations by 38-41.9%.
the culture in 9.6E-05 Fe had shown lower growths in

Effects of CO2 on Growth

Elevated CO2 concentration drives a decrease in pH
level which allows easy uptake of CO2 which benefits
the algal growth due to an increase in the availability of
CO2 for carbon uptake
Even with this, the algal culture in 9.6E-05 Fe with 3%
CO2 concentration did not conform to the trend of
having higher dry biomass than those in the lower CO2.

Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from

C. vulgaris, grown under different
concentration of Fe and CO2

0.0326%CO
0.036%CO2 2
0.036%CO2 1%CO2

3%CO2
3%CO2
4.8E-05
Fatty Acid Profile, %w/w
2.4E-05 Fe 4.8E-05 Fe 9.6E-05 Fe 2.4E-05 Fe 4.8E-05 Fe 9.6E-05 Fe 2.4E-05 Fe Fe
9.6E-05 Fe
Butyric (C4)
9.32
7.31
9.32
3.39
1.31
0
0
0
0
Caprylic (C8)
3.61
4.28
1.71
1.67
0.737
1.19
3.44
4.55
6.05
Capric (C10)
4.22
4
1.91
1.77
0.951
1.22
3.12
4.12
5.09
Lauric (C12)
4.61
4.98
9.17
5.64
3.43
6.93
0
0
0.675
Myristic (C14)
8.51
10.8
15.6
8.78
8.64
8.34
5.9
8.01
7.68
Pentadecanoic (C15)
0
0
0

0.606
0
0
0
Palmitic (C16)
17.1
16.7
18.5
15.2
16
16.8
16.1
14.9
14.5
Palmitoleic (C16:1)
2.89
0
2.83
0
0
1.9
1.81
1.16
2.2
Heptadecanoic (C17)
0
0
0
0
0
0.775
0
0
0
Stearic (C18)
1.8
2.66
4.54
2.94
2.27
3.79
0.469
0.627
0.477
Elaidic (C18:1n9t)
4.98
4.97
3.27
5.61
5.69
1.78
6.14
6.95
5.99
Oleic (C18:1)
8.98
7.64
11.3
13.4
10.7
22.4
2.83
3.35
3.41
Linoleic (C18:2)
24.1
23.3
18.1
25.4
31.2
24
34.2
33.9
31.6
cis-11-Eicosenoic (C20:1)
0
0
0
0
0
0.411
0
0
0
Linolenic (C18:3)
22.3
20.9
13.7
19.7
20.5
7.26
26
23.4
24.6
cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic (C20:2)
0
0
0
0
0
0.288
0
0
0
Arachidonic (C20:4)
0
0
0
0
0
0.352
0
0
0
cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic (C22:6)
0
0
0
0
0
1.42
0
0
0
112.42

107.54

109.95

103.5

1%CO2

101.428

1%CO2

99.462

3%CO2

100.009

100.967

102.272

Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from

C. vulgaris, grown under different
concentration of Fe and CO2
Among the fatty acids, the palmitic (C16), linoleic
(C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) were identified as
dominant constituents for all culture conditions.
The results also showed that the relative amount of
these fatty acid as saturated (SFA), mono-unsaturated
(MUFA) and poly-unsaturated (PUFA) had changed
significantly from 29.029-60.75%, 10.78-26.491% and
31.8-60.2%, respectively.