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Material Strength
Sy = Yield strength in tension, Syt = Syc
Sys = Yield strength in shear
Su = Ultimate strength in tension, Sut
Suc = Ultimate strength in compression
Sus = Ultimate strength in shear = .67 Su
Ken Youssefi
Mechanical Engineering
Ken Youssefi
(max )component > ( )obtained from a tension test at the yield point
= Sy
Sy
Failure
To avoid failure
max =
Sy
2n
Sy
2
n = Safety
factor
Design equation
=Sy
Ken Youssefi
Mechanical Engineering
h
h
t
(total strain energy) (strain energy due to hydrostatic stress) = strain energy
due to angular distortion > strain energy obtained from a tension test at the
yield point failure
Ken Youssefi
Mechanical Engineering
U =
3D case
UT =
Strain
energy
Stress-strain relationship
1 =
2 =
3 =
UT =
1 1 + 2 2 + 3 3
2E
Ken Youssefi
1
E
2
E
3
E
v
v
v
2
E
1
E
1
E
v
v
v
3
E
3
E
2
E
Ud = UT Uh
UT =
2E
1 = 2 = 3 = h
Substitute
Uh =
2E
3h
Uh =
2E
(1)
(1 2v) =
(1 + 2 + 3)2 (1 2v)
6E
Ud = UT U h =
Ken Youssefi
1+v
6E
(2)
6
1= Sy and 2 = 3 = 0
1+v
U d = UT U h =
6E
Utest = (Sy)
(2)
1+v
3E
Ken Youssefi
Mechanical Engineering
<
Sy
<
Sy
2D case, 3 = 0
(1 12 + 2 ) < Sy =
2
Ken Youssefi
Sy
n
Design equation
Mechanical Engineering
= 1 = 2
(12 2 1 + 22) = Sy2
3 = Sy
2
If y = 0, then
1, 2 = x/2
[(x)/2]2 + (xy)2
(x)
Ken Youssefi
+ 3(xy)
1/2
Mechanical Engineering
Sy
n
9
Design Process
Distortion energy theory
Sy
max =
2n
Sy
n
Size
Weight
Sy , Su
Cost
10
Design Process
Use n = 1.2 to 1.5 for reliable materials subjected to
uncertain loads.
Ken Youssefi
Mechanical Engineering
11
Design Process
Sy , Su
Sy
n
Sy
max =
2n
Ken Youssefi
Mechanical Engineering
12
Suc
Stress
state
Sut
Tension test
Compression test
Failure envelope
The component is safe if the state of stress falls inside the failure envelope.
1 > 3 and 2 = 0
13
Mechanical Engineering
Ken Youssefi
3 or 2
Sut
Safe
Suc
Sut
Safe
Sut
Safe
-Sut
Safe
III
Suc
Ken Youssefi
II
-Sut
Sut
Suc
Mechanical Engineering
14
Zone I
Sut
Sut
I
Design equation
Sut
II
-Sut
Zone II
III
Sut
Suc
Design equation
Zone III
1 > 0 ,
Ken Youssefi
1
1
2
1
)
(
=
n
Sut
Suc
Suc
Mechanical Engineering
Design equation
15