PEDICULOSIS

CAPITIS
EDICULOSIS
PUBIS

Pembimbing
Supervisor

: dr. Putu Marcelina

: dr. Safruddin Amin, Sp. KK(K), MARS

Dermatovenereology
Department of Medical Faculty
Hasanuddin University 2014

Prepared By:
Mylda Pratiwi C 111 10 826
Fawza Nabila C 111 10 858
Ahmed Abrizan C 111 10 865

Definition
Lice = Parasites
Pediculosis = Infection of Pediculus
The 3 major lice that infest humans are:
Pediculus humanus var. capitis (head
lice),
Pthirus pubis (crab lice), and
Pediculus humanus var. corporis (body
lice)

Definition
Pediculosis Capitis
Infestation with Pediculus
humanus capitis.

Pediculosis Pubis
Infestation with Phthirus pubis.

Epidemiology
Pediculosis Capitis
Children > adult
Girls : Boys = 2 : 1
African-Americans = incidences
Pediculosis Pubis
STD patients
Transmitted through contaminated
clothing, towels, and bedding.

Etiology
Pediculosis Capitis
Blood-sucking, wingless, highly host-specific
insects belonging to the order Anoplura
Their entire life cycle is on the scalp
They are almost 2 mm long with three pairs
of claw-like legs that are well adapted for
grasping hair
Female pediculus capitis lays 510 eggs per
day during her 30-day life span
After 10 days, the eggs hatch producing
larvae

Etiology
Pediculosis Pubis
Pediculosis pubis is caused by infestation of the
body with Phthirus pubis
Crab lice range from 0.8 to 1.2 mm in length
and have wide, short bodies
They have a serrated edge on their first claw
Most commonly are found in the pubic and
perianal region
It has a lifespan of less than 3 weeks during
which time the female will lay about 25 eggs on
human hairs

LIFE CYCLE
Pediculus
Capitis

LIFE CYCLE
Pediculosis Pubis
The most contagious sexually transmitted
problem known
Eggs attached to human hairs, are viable for
up to 10 days
The adult crab louse can live for at least 36
hours away from the host.
Infestation occurs not only in pubic hair, but
also in the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes,
moustache, beard, axillae and perianal area.
60% of patients with pubic lice are infested
in two different hair-bearing sites.

PATHOGENESIS
Pediculosis Kapitis and Pediculosis Pubis
Direct contact/
Fomites

Easily transmitted
to others

Piercing the skin with

their claws
Injecting irritating
saliva

Sucking blood
Become rust
colored
(identifying
characteristic)

Induce
hypersensitivity
reaction and
inflammation

Diagnosis
Gold standard : identification of a live louse, nymph,
or a viable nit on the head
The diagnosis of lice infestation using a lice comb is
fourfold more efficient than a direct visual
examination
The tiny nits are easier to observe, especially at the
neck or behind the ears or on the scalp, facilitated by
a magnifying glass
Woods lamp examination reveals yellow-green
fluorescence of the lice and their nits
Dermoscopy is also a possible aid in the diagnosis
and follow-up of pediculosis capitis

Differential Diagnosis

Pediculosis
capitis:

Seborrheic dermatitis
insect bites
hair gel/ spray
piedra

Pediculosis pubis:

Scabies
excoriations
contact dermatitis
piedra

Clinical Sign
Pediculosis Capitis:
Pruritus of the scalp
More scratches: erossion, excoriations
and secondary infection (pus,crust).
Late secondary infection: accumulation
of pus and curst, enlargement of
regional lymph nodes (occiput and
retroauricular), bad odour.

Clinical Sign
Pediculosis Pubis:
Pruritus of the pubic
Bluegrey macules (maculae caeruleae)
Close inspection of affected areas will
reveal lice grasping hairs close to the
skin surface, and louse eggs attached
to the hair shafts.
Black dot (on the underwear)

Treatment
Topical:
Permethrin 1% , 5%
Pyrethrins Plus Piperonyl Butoxide
Malathion 0.5%
Benzyl Alcohol 5%
Lindane 1%
Ivermectin 1%

Oral Systemic:
Ivermectin 200 g/kg
Sulfamethozaxole Trimethorprim

But

In Indonesia,
Permethrin
Gamexane 1% (GammaHexachlorocyclohexane) a.k.a
Lindane
Benzil Benzoat Emulsion 25%

Food and Drug Administration Approved Age and

Pregnancy Category for Head Lice Agents use

Head Lice Agents

Approved Age

Pregnancy
Category

Permethrin

2 months and older

Pyrethrins synergized

2 years

Malathion

6 years

Lindane

Not recommended

Not recommended

Benzyl Alcohol

6 months

Ivermectin

6 months

COMPLICATION
Pediculosis Kapitis dan Pedikulosis Pubis

PROGNOSIS
Although pediculosis capitis is not a
vector of human disease and poses no
significant healh risk to infected person,
head lice infestation can cause
Substantial social disorder
Discomfort
Parent anxiety
Embarassment to the child
Unnecessary absence from school and work

THANKYOU.