Examples

Examples
Calculate pseudo critical parameters for the
following gas mixture

Calculate the number of moles of gas in the

mixture in a cylinder with total volume of 1200
m3 at 65 Mpa and 417 K

Calculate specific gravity of a gas

mixture with the following composition

 What is the apparent molecular weight of

this mixture

 Calculate the number of moles of methane

contained at 62 bar and -25 C in a
cylinder with volume of 2 L. Assume
methane is an ideal gas.

 A 20 cm3 cartridge of Helium contains 8 g

of gas. Temperature of the gas must not
exceed 50 C. What is the maximum
pressure the gas can withstand?

Ideal Gas Equation of State

Example:
Three pounds of n-butane are placed in a vessel at 120 F and 60 psia.
Calculate the volume of the gas assuming an ideal gas behavior.
Molecular weight of n-butane = 58.123

Critical Pressure and Temperature

Determination
Example: Find Tpc and Ppc
A gas reservoir has the following gas composition:

The initial reservoir pressure and temperature are 3000 psia and
180F, respectively. Find the reduced pressure and temperature

Critical Pressure and Temperature

Determination
Solution:
Component
CO2
N2
C1
C2
C3
i-C4
n-C4

= 383.38
= 666.38

0.02
0.01
0.85
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02

547.91
227.49
343.33
549.92
666.06
734.46
765.62

10.96
2.27
291.83
22
19.98
22.03
15.31

1071
493.1
666.4
706.5
616.4
527.9
550.6

21.42
4.93
566.44
28.26
18.48
15.84
11.01

The Gas Compressibility Factor

at T = 640, P = 3000

Solution:

Critical Pressure and Temperature

Determination
Example:Find Tpc and Ppc for a gas having specific gravity = 0.7
Solution:

Standing and Katz Compressibility factors

chart
Example:Find the compressibility factor for a gas of SG = 0.7, at T = 640,
P = 3000

Solution:

Then from the chart: Z = 0.85

Effect of Nonhydrocarbon Components on

the Z-Factor
Example:Calculate the critical temperature and pressure for a gas with
SG = 0.7, 2 % of CO2, and 1 % of H2S

Solution:

Molecular Weight Calculation

Example:
1. Find the molecular weight for the mixture having this
composition
2. Calculate the specific gravity

Molecular Weight Calculation

Solution: 1
Component
CO2
N2
C1
C2
C3
i-C4
n-C4

0.02
0.01
0.85
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02

44.01
28.01
16.04
30.07
44.11
58.1
58.1

0.8802
0.2801
13.634
1.2028
1.3233
1.743
1.162
20.2254

The molecular weight for the mixture is 20.2254

Specific Gravity of Gas

Solution: part 2

Gas Density
Example:Calculate the density of the gas at 3000 psi and 640 R
0.85,

Solution:

Mwt = 20.2254

Z=

Gas Formation Volume Factor (Bg)

Example:Calculate the formation volume factor for the gas at 3000 psi and
640 R, Z = 0.85, Mwt = 20.2254

Solution:

Gas Viscosity
Example:Calculate the viscosity of the gas at 3000 psi and 640 R, using
Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows Correlation Method
Z = 0.85, Mwt = 20.2254, Tpc = 389.375, Ppc = 659.125, CO2 = 2 %

Solution:

Gas Viscosity
Example:Calculate the viscosity of the gas at 3000 psi and 640 R, using
Lee-Gonzalez-Eakin Method, Mwt = 20.2254, g = 10.4

Solution:

 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated

oil reservoir
Define the following
Critical point
Bubble point curve
Dew point curve
Cricondentherm (Tct)
Cricondenbar (Pcb)
Liquid region
Gas region

1. Undersaturated oil reservoir:

. If the initial reservoir pressure pi is greater than the bubblepoint pressure pb of the reservoir fluid, the reservoir is labeled
an undersaturated oil reservoir.

2. Saturated oil reservoirs:

. When the initial reservoir pressure is equal to the bubblepoint pressure of the reservoir fluid the reservoir is called a
saturated oil reservoir.

Terms
Critical point
Bubble point curve
Dew point curve
Cricondentherm (Tct)
Cricondenbar (Pcb)
Liquid region
Gas region
Undersaturated
reservoir
Saturated reservoir

Definitions
Is the maximum pressure and temperature at which a pure
component can form coexisting phases.
Is defining as the line separating the liquid phase from the two
phase region.
Is defining as the line separating the vapour phase from the two
phase region.
Is the maximum temperature above which liquid cannot be
formed regardless of pressure.
Is the maximum pressure above when there is no gas can be
formed regardless of temperature?
A region which contain liquid.
A region that contain mostly gas.
Its when the initial pressure pi pressure is greater than bubble
pressure pb of the reservoir fluid as it shows on the diagram.
Its when the initial reservoir pressure is equal to the bubble
point pressure of the reservoir

 Sketch black oil phase diagram labeling all

points corresponding to path of black oil
production , Draw the following oil and gas
properties. Clearly show the undersaturated and
saturated regions, units of the respective
properties:
Oil viscosity
Oil formation volume factor (Bo)
Gas- oil ratio (GOR)
Oil density

 Write notes on retrogrades using diagrams

 Lower limit of G / O ratio of 3300-upper

not defined but observed at 150000 scf /
STB
Stock tank oil gravity between 40 60 API
increase during production
Stock tank oil lightly b colored , brown ,
orange Or water-white