Purpose of FGD

Burning of fuels like Coal & oil produces a colourless

Gas - Sulphur Di-Oxide.

So2 is very harmful to the environment & we know that

t causes Acid Rain; harmful to plants & environment.

By employing FGD units, S02 emissions are cut down

thus we will strive closer to a clean environment.
This is achieved in the FGD Seawater Water Treatment
Plant
(SWTP) where the oxidation is carried out

TYPES OF FGD
1.DRY TYPE
2.WET TYPE
WE WILL DISCUSS REGARDING WET TYPE FGD

SYSTEM.

Purpose of FGD
The SO2 absorbed in the seawater is oxidized

to harmless sulphate prior to discharge to

sea.
This is achieved in the FGD Seawater Water
Treatment Plant ( SWTP) where the oxidation
is carried out by blowing air into the seawater

Emission Guarantees
So2 Removal
Total Air flow
Ph

89%
-

50 % (Approx: 600t/h)

6.5

DO Dissolved Oxygen

60 % @ 20- 25 Deg C

Stack Inlet Gas Temp

70 Deg C

Sea Water Temperature rise

Power Consumption

2.4 MW (4 units)

4 Deg C

The Process
Sea
Water

Flue Gas

Dust
Removal

Sea
Water

So2
Absorption

Sea Water
Treatment Plant

Treated Sea

Reheat

Air

Treated
Gas

FGD System Comprises

Gas Circuit
Booster fan
GGH
Absorber
Chimney

Water Circuit
Feed Water Forwarding (FFP) Pump House
Aeration Pond

Seawater Treatment Plant

Chemical Dozing (NaOH)
Aeration Fans

Reaction
Absorption
SO2 + H2O

SO32- + 2H+

So2 is absorbed in sea water

Reaction
Oxidation
SO3

2-

+ 1/2O2

SO4

2-

(Sulphate ions)
SO3 2- Consumes oxygen to
form sulphate
Sea Water is further oxygenated
to
complete
the
oxidation

Reaction
Neutralization
HCO3- + H+

Co2 + H2O

Bicarbonate ions in the sea water

react with hydrogen ions, hence
neutralizes the acidifying effect
of the sulphur oxidation and
thereby raising pH

Gas Circuit
78Deg C
138 Deg C

To

Outlet Damper
Ch

FGD Bypass
Damper
FGD Inlet
Damper

im
ne
y

Se
a

Se
W
at
Ou a W
er
t
at
In
er

Booster Fan
Type of Fan

Axial Flow

Blade Type

Variable Pitch Blade

Rated Capacity -

25,20,000 Nm3/hr

Suction Pressure

Temp

100 Pa

136 Deg

Rated Current of Motor

196Amp.

Rated Power of Motor -

1900 Kw

GGH
Gas to Gas Heater
As the name implies it takes heat from the hot

flue gas and reheat the clean flue gas coming

out of the absorber let it to the chimney

GGH
Type

Bi-Sector

Heating Surface area

8600 sq.m

Speed of rotation

1.5 rpm

Drive
SOOT BLOWER

Motor Driven
- 4 NOS (2 Upper/2 lower)

Absorber
Absorber is a concrete structure which houses

the sea water distribution pipes & fill packs

It acts like a cooling tower

Flue gas to Seawater interaction takes place

And So2 is absorbed from flue gas by sea

water and clean gas leaves to GGH

Absorber

Feed Water Pump House

(FFP)
It takes water from sea water reservoir

Pumps the water to Absorber.

After reacting with Sox water is sent to

aeration basin for diluting the effluent water.

FFP
Capacity

Head

Speed

Motor Capacity

4800 cum/hr

8.5 m
370 rpm
-

500 kw , 6.6 KV

HT200Ni2Cr

MOC
Casings
Shaft

022Cr22Ni5Mo3N

Aeration Fans - Function

Takes air from atmosphere
Pressurises and send the air to distribution

pipes which are submerged by the effluent

water from absorber.
Thereby Dissolved oxygen is increased in the

water discharged to outfall channel.

Aeration Fans -

Spec

Type

Radial Flow Fan

Flow

35000 cum/s

Pressure

30 kPa

Speed

2970 rpm

Motor Capacity

410 kw, 6.6 Kv

Chemical Dozing System

To dose the Caustic in the sea water after Sox

absorption.

It boosts the pH value of sea water.

FGD-START UP

FGD-SHUT DOWN
The Shut down of FGD is done in two stages.
Stage 1: Stop FGD from gas side
Stop the FGD Booster Fan
Close the inlet dampers , then
Close the FGD outlet damper
Stage 2: Stop FGD from Seawater side
Stop absorber pump.
Stop the aeration fans.

FGD TRIPPING CONDITIONS

1) Absorber water flow (Magnetic F M)<

1500 M3/hr
2)Flue Gas Dust Concentration > 50
3)Flue gas inlet pressure > 500 Pa
4)Absorber Basin Level > 1.5 M
5)Oil Station failure (Both Pump Tripped)
6) Booster fan running and outlet Damper
Closed
(2/3).

Benefits/ Features of
SWFGD
Simple & reliable
Proven Technology
Uses only sea water & air
No by-product handling
Fully automated operation
Meeting emission standards

FLUE GAS SYSTEM

Sea water supply

Absorber system

GAS TO GAS HEAT EXCHANGE

Sea water treatment(aearation)

Damper Seal Air System

Thank You