Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction to
Chemistry
Atom, Molecule & Ions
Matter and Study of Change
Organic Chemistry
Atom
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
Atom (contd.)
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
Ion
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
Solution:
The
atomic
number
of
Mg
(magnesium) is 12, which means that magnesium
has 12 protons. While a neutral atom for
magnesium would have the same number of
electrons as protons, the ion is shown to have a
+2 charge. This means it has 2 fewer electrons
than the neutral atom or 12 - 2 = 10 electrons.
Answer: 12 protons, 10 electrons
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
Answer: O-2
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
Molecule
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
1
H
1
hydrogen
2
H
1
deuterium
3
H
1
tritium
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
10
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
11
Problems
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
12
Distribution of elements on
Earth and in Living Systems
Mantle
(40 km)
(2900 km)
Core
(3480 km)
1/11/2015
13
Elements on Earth
1/11/2015
14
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
15
Abundance of Elements
Natural Abundance of the
Elements
Percent by
Mass
Element
(g/100g of
sample)
Oxygen
45.5
Silicon
27.2
Aluminum
8.3
Iron
6.2
Calcium
4.7
Magnesium
2.8
All others
5.3
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
16
Quizzes
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
17
(a) 6
(b) 12
(c) 14
(d) 20
Q-5: Li+ and Cu2+ are examples of:
(a) anions
(b) cations
(c) isotopes
(d) molecules
Q-6: What is the symbol for an ion which has 8 protons and 10
electrons?
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
18
Q-7: What is the nuclear symbol for the isotope of oxygen which has 9 neutrons?
(a) 168O
(b) 178O
(c) 188O
(d) 189O
Q-8: Li+ has how many electrons? (hint: the atomic number of lithium is 3)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Q-9: How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does 74Be2+ have?
(a) 4,3,2
(b) 4,3,4
(c) 4,3,6
(d) 4,6,3
Q-10: N3- has:
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
19
Matter
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
20
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
21
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
22
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
23
of at least two
substances. Examples are sugar solution, saline water,
carbonated water, etc.
Colloids are regarded as systems in which there are two or
more phases with one distributed in the other. Milk, fog,
and jelly are examples of colloids.
Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of larger particles.
These particles are visible and will settle out on standing.
Examples of suspensions are: fine sand or sediments in
water or tomato juice.
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
24
Types of Solution
Types
Solute
less than
50%
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Gas
Example
Solvent
more than
50%
Liquid
Alcohol water
Acetic acid- water
Liquid
Salt water
Sugar water
calcium carbonate
(CaCO3) water
Liquid
CO2 water
Oxygen water
Gas
Oxygen- nitrogen
Beer
vinegar
Saline solution
Sugar solution
hard water
Carbonated water
Oxygenated water
Air
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
25
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
26
1/11/2015
27
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
28
Organic Chemistry
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
29
Inorganic compounds
Flammable
Nonflammable
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
30
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
31
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
32
Common Organic
Molecules
Carbohydrates:
Glucose, Fructose,
Sucrose etc.
Lipids- Fats,
Phospholipids,
Steroids etc.
Proteins- Amino
acids
Nucleic acids- DNA
& RNA
Vitamins-A
(Retinol), B1
(Thiamine
hydrochloride), B2
(Ribiflavin ), C
(Ascorbic Acid ),
etc.
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
33
H2O
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
Sucrose
Water
Glucose
Fructose
MONOSACCHARIDES
DISACCHARIDE
H H H H H H H H H H
CH2 OH
H C C C C C C C C C C COOH
H H H H H H H H H H
CH OH
CH2 OH
Glycerol
H C C C C C C C C C C COOH
H
H
H C H
Acid group
H
C COOH
1/11/2015
34
Probable Questions:
Introduction to Chemistry
1/11/2015
35