Robo-IR

IR Sensor based
Robotics Workshop

Who We are?
Innodust

Pvt Ltd is a
Robotics and Embedded
company in India.

Offered Services :

Workshop

Training

Final Year Projects

leading
System

Robo-Begin
Robo-Begin

is the starting of
Robotics. We will make some basic
robots in this Robo-Begin Workshop
with the help of IR Sensor.

Features: Purely Autonomous Robots

Controlled through IR Sensors
Microcontroller Based Robots

What is Robotics?

Robotics is the branch of science

which deals with the study of design,
construction,
operation
and
application of robots.

Laws Of Robotics
Asimov's Three Laws of
Robotics
Robots must never harm human
beings.
Robots must follow instructions from
human without violating rule 1.
Robots must protect themselves
without violating the other rules.

What is a Robot?

A robot is a reprogrammable,
multifunctional
manipulator
designed to move material, parts,
tools, or specialized devices through
variable programmed motions for
the performance of a variety of
tasks.

Types Of Robots
Manual Robot - Manual Robotis the
one in which the human controls
therobotusing switches.
Autonomous Robot Autonomous
robot is the one which is controlled
by various sensors and other input
devices.

Parts of Robot

Basic Electronics

Current
Voltage
Ohms Law
Resistors
Capacitors

Digital Electronics

Number System
Logic Levels
Logic Values
Logic gates

Sensors
A sensor is a device that detects and
responds to some type of input from
the physical environment.
The specific input could be light,
heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or
any one of a great number of other
environmental phenomena.
The output is generally a electrical
signal.
Example- Temperature sensor, IR
Sensor,etc.

IR Sensor

Working Diagram

IR Sensor

IR Sensor employs an IR source & IR

detectors (transmitter & receiver).
They operate by transmitting energy
from either a light emitting diode
(LED) or a laser diode. A photodiode
is used as an active IR detector.

Temperature Sensor

Microcontroller
A microcontrolleris a small and lowcost computer built for the purpose
of dealing with specific tasks.
It is called brain of the mechatronics
system.
A microcontroller usually comprises
of a CPU, ROM, RAM and I/O ports,
built within it to execute a single
and dedicated task.

ATmega16 Microcontroller

Pinouts of ATmega16

ATmega16 Microcontroller

Features of ATmega16

16KB of Flash memory

1KB of SRAM
512 Bytes of EEPROM
8-Channel 10-bit ADC
Two 8-bit Timers/Counters
One 16-bit Timer/Counter
4 PWM Channels
3.3V-5V Working Voltage
1 Mhz-16 Mhz Working Frequency

I/O Ports of ATmega16

ATmega16 have 32 general purpose

digital I/O pins.
Divided into four groups called
Ports-PORTA,
PORTB,
PORTC
&
PORTD.
Corresponding to each port 3
Registers
are
assigned
for
controlling its function.
These three registers are- DDR,
PORT & PIN Registers

I/O Port Registers

Naming of Registers

Registers Names- DDRX, PORTX &

PINX where X- A, B, C & D
Example- DDRA, PORTA and PINA for
portA
Bits Names- DDXn, PORTXn or PXn &
PINXn where where X- A, B, C & D
and n- 0 to 7.
Example- DDA0, PORTA0 or PA0 &
PINA0 for 0th bit of all three
registers of portA.

DDR Register
If DDXn = 0 - Input Port
1 - Output Port
Example:If DDA0 = 0 - PA0 is declared as Input
Port
1 - PA0 is declared as Output Port

DDR Register

DDA0=1

ATmega16

Direction of Data
Outward

DDR Register

DDA0=0

ATmega16

Direction of Data
Inward

PORT Register
When the Port is declared Output
If PORTXn or PXn = 0 - Output Low
1 - Output High
Example:If PORTA0 = 0 - PA0 is has Low value
1 - PA0 is has High value

PORT Register
PORTA0 or
PA0=1

ATmega16
LED is ON

PIN Register
PINA0=1

ATmega16

PIN Register
PINA0=0

ATmega16

LED Blinking with ATmega16

#include<avr/io.h>
#define F_CPU 1000000
#include<util/delay.h>
void main(void)
{
DDRB=0xff;
while(1)
{
PORTB=0xff;
_delay_ms(500);
PORTB=0x00;
_delay_ms(500);
}
}

AVR Trainer Board

USB Programmer

IR Sensor

Motor Driver
L293D is a dualH-bridgemotor
driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor
drivers act as current amplifiers
since they take a low-current control
signal and provide a higher-current
signal. This higher current signal is
used to drive the motors.
The main feature of this IC is, it
can control two motors in two
directions simultaneously.

L293D

WORKING OF L293D

MAKING OF ROBOT

IR
SENSO
R
KEYPAD
MOBILE
DTMF
PC
WIRELE
SS

MICROC
ONTROL
LER
AVR
PIC
ARM
8051
ADRUIN
O

MOTOR
DRIVER
MOTOR

THANKS
FOR MORE UPDATES CONTACT :
Mr. Gourab Kumar
M-7894412588
gourab.innodust@gmail.com