S1 TITAN Basic Training

Sept 2012 (V1.1 Software)

Welcome to our XRF ANALYZER

The S1 TITAN you are going to be using very soon by following this
presentation is the most advanced hand held XRF on the market

The Analyzer is designed to measure ELEMENTAL chemical concentrations

Based on your purchased APPLICATION and MODEL you can measure

elements from Magnesium (Mg) to Uranium (U) or from Calcium (Ca) to
Uranium (U)

1. XRF Theory

Characteristic X-rays Produced by

Photoelectric Interaction

An X-ray of sufficient
energy strikes an inner
shell electron of an
atom in the sample,
ejecting the electron
from its orbit.

Next-- an electron
from an outer shell
moves to fill the
vacancy in the inner
shell.

An X-ray photon is
released and hits the
analyzers detector.
This photons energy is
unique to the element
it came from.

Example of XRF Spectrum

Fe K
6.40 keV
Al K
1.49 keV

Each Element has its Own

Signature Energy for Electron
Shells.

X-ray energy tells you what element it came from

Number of X-rays tells you how much is present

Each Element Has Its Own Signature Energy

Energy Decreases with Atomic Number

XRF: X-ray Fluorescence Analysis

Sample

Energy of X-ray photons

Which element
Qualitative analysis

Number of X-ray photons

at a given energy
What concentration
Quantitative analysis

Energy-Dispersive XRF (EDX or EDXRF)

Sample

The detector is used

record both:

to

the energy, E, and

the number, N, of X-ray
photons

The XRF Process in Practice

When trigger is pulled, high voltage is

supplied to the X-ray tube, generating Xrays (high-energy photons).

Sample is excited and releases lowerenergy characteristic X-rays.

These characteristic X-rays strike the

detector and their energy is measured as
pulses.

The measured pulses are categorized

into channels by the DPP where
transformed into a spectrum.

The CPU interprets the spectrum and

converts the data into quantitative
chemistries.

Miniaturized X-ray Tube

Used to excite the atoms of a sample.

This is the light (photo) source that
starts the XRF process.

Flexible excitation parameters, enabling

best performance over a large energy
range. Adjustable from 15kV to 50 kV
with maximum current of about 100
A.

Typically about 20 mm in diameter.

S1 TITAN target material is Rh, which

provides good overall analytical
performance.

Filters may be used to further optimize

excitation parameters.

No radioactive material!

Miniaturized Solid-State Detector

Rapidly converts numerous X-ray

photons (quanta of light) to their
specific energies, which is the
elements signature.

Beryllium (Be) window seals the

detectors atmosphere while allowing
transmission of low energy X-rays.

Integrated Peltier cooler reduces

electronic noise and assists the
detector in maintaining stability.

Traditional Si-PIN type is capable of

measuring approximately 20 kcps at
200 eV (Mn FWHM resolution).

Brukers X-Flash SDD is capable of

measuring well over 100 kcps and
maintains resolution of about 145 eV
at high count rates.

About 8 mm in diameter

The Spectrum Generator,

A Digital Pulse Processor (DPP)
aka: Multi-Channel Analyzer

Categorizes and counts each

of the quantified photons
pulses into bins or channels.

At this stage, a spectrum is

generated and can be used
for elemental analysis.

Determining how many

times a pulse of a specific
energy occurs relates to how
much of a particular element
is present in the sample.

2. S1 TITAN Basic Operation

The Principle Components of S1 TITAN

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Safety Features

Primary Power Switch

Password Protection
Software X-ray Radiation Warning
Infrared (IR) Proximity Sensor
Operator Trigger Interlock
Minimum Backscatter Detection
Red X-ray Indicator Lamp
Operator Time-Out
X-ray Enunciator (optional)
Secondary trigger (optional)

Radiation Safety

Backscatter Shut-off
IR Sample Sensor
Warning Lights

Multilevel User Log-in

User
Supervisor

16

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Power Sources
The analyzer is supplied with two (Li-ion) batteries.
To operate the analyzer using the optional AC adapter, connect the AC
Adapter to a 90-240V AC wall outlet with the supplied cord.
Connect the AC adapter to the analyzers power port.
The analyzer may be connected to the AC adapter prior to
removing the battery so that power to the unit and therefore data
wont be lost.
To remove a battery pack, push the front of the battery cover and pull
down.

Battery

Instrument AC port

Battery charging

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Desktop use
For applications requiring measurement of small or cupped samples, the
analyzer may be configured to operate as a desktop analyzer through the
use of the desktop stand
PC remote control SW allows user to operate from Windows PC or Windows
Tablet using USB connection.
Desktop stand kit contains Desktop stand, AC adapter, USB remote cable
and BRUKER S1 remote control SW.

Desktop Stand parts

Desktop Stand

PC remote control

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Desktop use

IF you decide to use this training with the instrument in the desktop stand
please observed the following steps and procedure:

Assemble the stand bottom and leg

Assemble the top and make sure the cover is securely fitted in the back.

Power up the unit with AC power or use battery

Ensure PC is up and S1 Remote is active and USB cable is connected

Follow the next slides to Login until you get to the slide with the remote
connection from there on you can place the unit into the stand as
shown below and put the top on the snout of the instrument, making
sure it is flush with the nose piece:

Thread the power strip and USB to the back

19

LETs get started

20

2012

Power on the unit

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Login

Touch number keys to type in

default User password (12345) or
Supervisor password (54321)
LOG IN AS SUPERVISOR

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Main Menu
APPLICATION
Select active
application such as
Metals, Geo,
Restricted Materials

SETTINGS
Select manually
measurement
parameters or use
application specific
default settings

METHOD
Select manually
calibration or
Automatic calibration
selection

DISPLAY
Select display mode:
Grade ID, Grade
Pass/Fail, Limits
testing.

UTILITIES
Variety of instrument
settings and features
for data backup,
remote control etc.

LOGOFF
Exit to LOGIN screen.
Shut-off instrument
from power switch

EDIT INFO
Name sample before
measurement

DESKTOP Operation

Connect USB cable to

USB port!

23

DESKTOP Operation

Utilities menu

Normal User

Supervisor level

Note Icon in upper Left for User and Supervisor

DESKTOP Operation

Select BRUKER S1RemoteCtrl: FILE : CONNECT

ENSURE BRUKER S1REMOTE CTRL is not blocked by the FIREWALL!

Highlight unit and press OK

25

S1 TITAN Getting Started

APPLICATION
Application menu lists available
application groups. List of application
varies depending on instrument
configuration.
Alloys (Metals)
Smart Grade
Soil
GeoChem
Restricted Materials/Consumer
Products
Spectrum only (*)

others
Settings and Methods are specific for
each application
Options depend on ordered model and
setup

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Method
Method menu lists available
calibrations for the application.
Automatic calibration selection
identifies sample and selects
correct calibration
automatically. This option is
not necessarily available for all
the applications.

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Settings
Settings menu allows user
to change measurement
parameters and trigger
mode.

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Phase Settings
Phase 1
Heavy element analysis (Typically Ti and
heavier) using 40-50kV high voltage
Phase 2
Light element analysis (Typically Mg, Al, Si
etc) using 15kV high voltage
To manually set the length of each Phase,
uncheck Use Default Settings
Check Unlimited to continue the analysis
until the trigger is released.
If Unlimited duration is selected for
Phase 1, the instrument will NOT use
Phase 2.
If a method does not use dual phases, the
2nd phase will be grayed out.
To disable the 2nd phase, set the duration
at 0.

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Settings
First Result
Time before the First Result will display and record.
First Test
Time before the First Test will display and record.
Tests can be Grade ID, Grade Pass/Fail or Limits test
Pass/Fail.
Activate Beep
Audible signal when Test is completed (Grade ID or
Pass Fail) and when Timed measurement is
completed.
Manual Trigger Active
The trigger must be depressed completely to take a
measurement. The measurement will continue for the
set phase duration.
Auto Trigger Active (*)
If the trigger is pulled and released, the analysis will
begin. The measurement can be stopped at any time
by pulling the trigger again.

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Display
Choose how you want your results to
display by tapping the Display Button
Grade Library
Compares the assay to Grade IDs
recorded in a library.
Grade Pass/Fail
Compare a specific library Grade ID to
the samples being tested
Limits Testing
Determine if a sample contains
elements above or below a set limit
None
Analysis of a sample without any
comparison

Display modes
Grade Library

Result in yellow
highlight is outside
Grade range, but
inside range when N
standard deviation is
added or subtracted
Result in red highlight
is outside Grade
range even when N
standard deviations
are added or
subtracted
Double tap any of the result
to hide menu buttons.

Swipe display to scroll

results.

Display modes
Grade Library

33

Display Modes
Display Settings
Set Display Units
Switch between % and PPM (1 Part
per Million = 0.0001%)
Display Size
Adjust font size of result display
Default Sort
By Atomic Number
Use color coding
Select if Grade ID color coding and
grade limits are shown on screen
Number of Decimals
Set number of decimals. This
setting is only valid for % unit.
STD Display Limit
Number of STDeviations used in
limit testing

Display Modes
Element Display Order
Element Display order enables
to define which elements are
reported and in which order
Only selected elements are
displayed

Display Modes
Grade Pass/Fail Mode
Grade Pass/Fail enables the user to determine
whether or not the material being analyzed matches a
specific alloy from the library.

Pass/Fail Choose from the library in

right column (Fail). Move your selection
by tapping on the left arrow key to add
the alloy to the left column (Pass)

Display Modes
Grade Pass/Fail Mode

37

Display Modes
Limits testing
Limits testing allows user to test samples against
set Pass/Fail limits.
User can create and save unlimited number of limit
sets.
Limits testing is primarily used in environmental
applications, but can be used also for metals
testing.

Display Modes
Limits Testing

Check for above/below limits

Used Mainly in RoHS and environmental testing.

One Table (not multiple entries as in Grade

Table)

Contains all elements

Tests for:

Pass: All elements Below Low N STD

Fail: Any element Above High + N STD

Intermediate: neither

Pass/Fail logic can be reversed by

setting Pass limit higher than Fail limit

39

Limits testing
Setting-up Pass-Fail limits

Tap Maint button to

select or adjust
saved limit set or to
create new one.
Name of the active
limit set is shown
(IEC)

To adjust limits or to
create a new Limit
Set, Edit or Add
button

Limits testing
Setting Up Pass-Fail limits
To define Limit Set
name, Tap Limit
Name field

Tap Save to
Exit and save
limit set

To define Pass-Fail limits,

select element and adjust
limits Pass=MIN and
Fail=MAX.
Notice that limits are
defined as part per
million, (i.e., 1% = 10
000ppm)

Limits testing
Pass-Fail Logic

PASS

INCONCLUSIVE

FAIL

PASS

When all the measurement results that have defined limits satisfy pass condition and
when measurement time is longer than defined first result time.
INCONCLUSIVE

When one or more measurement results are between PASS and FAIL limits

Whenever measurement time is shorter than set First Test time

FAIL

When one or more measurement results that have defined limits meet FAIL condition
Reverse Logic if Fail Limit is < Pass Limit

Averaging
Averaging function has
two different modes
Average for manually
selected results.
Average for predefined number of
results.
Notes:
In either mode must
tap Calculate
In User Selected
Measurement, the
check must be
cleared manually

Averaging menu
Select result
for averaging

Averaging
Average results is saved in Results
list and Results.CSV file.
Grade Matching and Pass/Fail
analysis is done for Average result.
Index numbers of Averaged results
are listed on results screen and
Results.CSV file
Average is calculated for both
elements and +/- value.
If element is missing from one of
the averaged results, value is
considered to be 0.

Edit Info
Tap Edit Info to give the
assay a unique name, ID,
and other information
(entered Fields 1 and 2).
This information is saved to
Results.CSV file and to
Spectrum file:
Analyze_XX.PDZ
Configure and S1 SYNC
allows definition of up to 20
fields. CONFIGURE is only
available as supervisor
Multiple Field Lists can exist
in dropdown list

Edit Info
Configure
Configure feature allows user to:

Add new Info fields

Define Info filed name
Define indexing type: Counter;
List
Counter will add number and
increment with each
measurement
List will add dropdown list
Dropdown list can be set with S1
SYNC; will also save values
entered manually

Example: Setup customized INFO fields

Setup a CUSTOMIZED

Sample ID

Analysis Number

Heat

list (no Counter)

counter (no List)
list (no Counter)

Enter 1234 as first list entry

Inspector

list (no Counter)

Enter Your Name as list

Location
list (no Counter)

Enter Your Location as list

Vendor
List
Enter BRUKER

47

Example: Setup customized INFO fields

48

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Logoff
Tap Logoff button to
return to the Login
screen
In Login screen user can
either power off the
instrument or Login
Logoff can be used as
well to switch to different
user level User
Supervisor or visa versa.
WHENEVER THE UNIT
WENT TO SLEEP MODE
and you tapped it to
wake up LOGOFF and
LOGIN again

LOG OFF as SUPERVISOR

S1 TITAN Getting Started

LOGOFF AND LOGIN

Touch number keys to type in

default User password (12345) or
Supervisor password (54321)
LOG IN AS USER

S1 TITAN Getting Started

1st Measurement

Use the provided DUPLEX

Change the setting to PHASE 1=8 sec and PHASE 2=12 sec

Measure 5 shots, ensuring that you are flat on the sample!

Average the last 5 measurements

51

S1 TITAN Getting Started

CHECKING the UNIT with the DUPLEX

Compare the average and single measurements with the data provided with
your unit

Click on the SPECTRUM button

52

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Spectrum Viewer
Press and hold the screen to open the
Axis toolbar
X+: Stretches the x-axis (keV) scale
X-: Compresses the x-axis (keV)
X0: Re-centers and returns the
spectrum to the original x-axis scale.
Cent.: Re-centers the spectrum on
both the x- and y-axes.
Y+: Stretches the y-axis (intensity)
scale.
Y-: Compresses the y-axis (intensity)
scale.
Y0: Returns the spectrum to the
original scale along the y-axis.
Def.: Restores the spectrum to its
default setting

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Spectrum Viewer

54

ALLOYS SMARTGRADE

Get the RIGHT alloy in the right time.

55

ALLOYS SMARTGRADE
Press button get grade!

56

Utilities @ user level

Results
Review the results of previous analyses.
Backup Data
Copies or moves the results of every assay
stored in local memory to another
location.
Library Maintenance
Edit or review Grade libraries
System Setup
Set various system parameters
Remote Control
Connect instrument with external
computer
File Explorer
Allows advanced user to do different file
operations -

Utilities/ System Setup

User levels

Utilities menu

Normal User

Supervisor level

Note Icon in upper Left for User and Supervisor

Utilities
Results
To review the results of
an analysis, tap the
Results button.
This opens to a window
that displays every assay
stored in memory,
ordered by index.
Highlight the sample you
wish to review, and then
tap the box at the bottom
displaying the samples
index number.
NOTE: Must come Back
through this screen
before taking additional
measurments

Utilities
Backup Data ON EXTERNAL USB
Measurement data can be
moved or copied to the USB
flash drive
Insert USB drive and either
Copy or Move all the
measurement results from
instrument data folder.
Index number can be reset to 1
Copy leaves data in original
location
Move deletes original data

Utilities
Library Maintenance

Provides Grade Library

Maintenance

Allows View of Standard

Library

Allows editing Standard

Library

Utilities
System Setup

Output settings
Language selection
Match Threshold
Date/ Time
Reset Password
Change Password
PC Connection Setup
Safety settings

Utilities
System Setup - Output

Output controls what is

saved: Results.csv;
spectra.pdz
Results.csv is Excel
compatible/easily edited
Spectra.csv is
proprietary/not editable

When USB Stick installed

data is stored directly to
USB Stick\data

When USB Stick is not

installed data is stored in
instrument
\BRUKER\DATA

Without USB Stick

With USB Stick

Utilities
System Setup - Others

Language allows Selection of multiple

languages:
Drop-down and select language
Tap OK Message appears Logoff to
Activate Language Change
Must go through Logoff; Logon to
activate new language
Match Quality Threshold:
Determines What Quality Score will
result in No Match in Grade display
Date\Time:
Allow Date and time to be set

Utilities
System Setup - User levels
Two user levels
Normal User (default pw: 12345)
Supervisor (default pw: 54321)
Normal User level

No
No
No
No
No

Coefficient Setup
Grade Maintenance
Limit Set Maintenance
System Setup
File Explorer

Reset or Change Password

Controls Available

Utilities
System Setup Safety Settings
Proximity Sensor can be temporarily turned off to be able to measure challenging samples,
such as small wires or black surfaces.
Yellow triangle LED in control panel indicates that proximity sensor has detected sample and
instrument is ready to measure. This sensor doesnt always work for dark surfaces. Proximity
sensor can be temporarily turned off from Safety settings menu. Notice, that this setting
doesnt return back to the default setting after instrument restart.

S1 TITAN
Type Standardization

Type standardization feature enables user to adjust

factory calibrations by setting element-specific slope
and offset coefficients with the software.

This feature is specifically designed for mining

applications to enable easy on-site calibration
optimization based on known standards.

In many cases, type standardization can replace

customer-specific calibration.

Multiple coefficient sets can be saved for each

calibration, which in practice makes it possible to
create sub-calibrations for different sample types.

Type Standardization
Coefficients Methods Menu

Asterisk (*) indicates

that Coefficient Set is
applied to this method.
Tap Coefficients to
proceed to
Coefficient menu.

Coefficients are always

calibration specific, but
they work also in
Automatic Calibration
Selection mode.

Type Standardization
Coefficients -Menu

Select Coefficient
Set from the list
Tap Coef Maint to
adjust existing
Coefficient Set or
to create a new
one.

Activate selected
Coefficient Set by
tapping OK and
return to Method
selection menu

Tap None to return

back to Method
selection menu
without any applied
Coefficient Set

Type Standardization
Coefficient Entry

Tap Name to
Edit it
Tap Slope field to
enter slope
(correction factor)
for specific
element

Tap Offset field to

enter offset for
specific element.

Tap Cancel to
discard changes
and return to
previous menu.

Tap to OK to save
Coefficient Set.

Normalize type standardized

results to 100%

Type Standardization
Slope and Offset

Coefficients enables to fine-tune analytical results by using either Slope

or Offset correction or both.

Coefficients are applied to the final measurement result of specific

element.

It is possible to create and Save multiple Coefficient sets to one

calibration method, but only one coefficient set can be active at the time.

Offset correction adjusts elemental result with the same absolute Offset
value.

Corrected result: 11.5% (10 + 1.5)

Slope correction adjusts elemental result by multiplying it with the Slope

factor.

Example 1 (Ni Offset 1.5): Original result: Ni:10%

Example (Ni Slope 1.1): Original result: Ni:10%

Corrected result: 11% (10 * 1.1)

Slope and Offset correction

Example (Ni offset 1.5 & slope 1.1): Original result: Ni: 10%
Corrected result: 12.5% (1.5 + (10 * 1.1)) = 12.5

Type Standardization
How to Determine Slope and Offset

Multiple samples should be used to define correct Slope and/or Offset correction for reliable results.

If only simple Offset or Slope correction is required, value can be determined without calculation.

If result are always relative 10% too low, Slope coefficient is 1.1
If results are always absolute 0.3% too high, Offset coefficient is -0.3

Whenever relation between measured values and reference values (expected correct values) is
more complicated it is recommended to use multiple samples to determine Coefficients and to use
Excel sheet to determine both Slope and Offset values for each element that needs adjustment.

Excel sheet for determination of Slope and Offset values is available from Bruker Elemental.

Type Standardization Example 1/4

Trace Rh, Pd, Pt measurement

Powder catalytic converter Pt, Rh, Pd measurement using GeoChem Trace

Measurement results

Type Standardization Example 2/4

Calculation of Slope and Offset

Enter measurement results and known values on the spreadsheet.

Type Standardization Example 3/4

Coefficient Entry

Enter coefficients which were calculated with the spreadsheet

Type Standardization Example 4/4

Final adjusted results

Care and Maintenance of your Analyzer!

TLC for your new S1 TITAN

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Window replacement 1/2

Remove the protective window is broken or dirty or significantly. Be careful with

tools, detector window is very close of the protective window.
Set of five spare windows is provided with the instrument.
1. Remove the nose protector with supplied Phillips screwdriver
2. Remove the old window by peeling it out
3. Take new window and remove the white protective sheet

S1 TITAN Getting Started

Window replacement 2/2

1.
2.
3.
4.

Place new windows carefully so that it is precisely aligned.

Correctly aligned Window
Remove transparent protective sheet
Replace the nose protector