The sexual reproductive system

of flowering plants

Flower
The reproductive organs of plants
4 main parts:
1. sepal
2. petal
3. stamen (male reproductive part)
4. pistil (female reproductive part)

Flower Part

Function

Receptacle

Support the flower

Petal

Attracts insects and

birds for pollination
Protect the flower when
it is in the budding
stage
Produces pollen grains

Sepal

Anther
Filament

Holds the anther

Supplies anther with
nutrients and water

Flower
part
Stigma
Style
Ovary

Ovule

Function
Have sticky surface
Receives pollen grains
Connects the stigma to the
ovary
Protects the ovules
After fertilisation, the
ovary develops into a fruit
to protect the seeds
Contains the female
gamete. after fertilisation,

The male reproductive parts

the male part of the flower is
called stamen
each stamen consists of an
anther and a filament
The anther produces pollen
grains
The pollen grains contain the
male gametes
pollen grains are of different
sizes, shapes and
appearances

The female reproductive

parts
the female part of the flower is called
the pistil or carpel.
The pistil consists of the stigma,
style, ovary and ovule
the ovules are formed in the ovary
and they contain the female gametes

Unisexual flower
contains either the stamen (male
flower) or the pistil (female flower)
papaya flowers

Bisexual flower
contains both the stamen and pistil
hibiscus

Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen
grains from the __________ to the
___________.

Pollination

Pollination
pollen grains are transported by
agents of pollination
agents of pollination:

characteristic of
flower
VS
pollinating agent

Insect-pollinated flower
Large , brightly coloured petal
Sweetly scented nectar
Pollen grains are large, heavy, few
and sticky
Short style and sticky stigma

Bird-pollinated flower
Brightly colour petal (red , orange,
yellow)
Lot of nectar

Mammal-pollinated flower
Strong scent (durian)
Brown or white colour petal

Wind-pollinated flower
Small and dull colour
flower
Not scented
Do not produce nectar
a lot, small, light and
smooth pollen grain
Long filaments, hang
outside of flower
Long style with big and
feathery stigma

Wind-pollinated flower

Water-pollinated flower
For plant grow in the water

The differences between insectpollinated and wind-pollinated flower

Insectpollinated
flowers

differen
ces
Size
Petals

Produces
nectar
scented

Nectar
Smell

Windpollinated
flowers
Greenish or
dull coloured

The differences between insectpollinated and wind-pollinated flower

Insectpollinated
flowers

Inside flower,
small
Small, sticky and
remain inside
the flower

differenc
es
Pollen
grains
Anther
Stigma

Windpollinated
flowers

Dangle outside
flower, big
Large, feathery
and hang
outside the
flower

self-pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the
anther to the stigma of the same
flower,
or from the anther to the stigma of a
different flower in the same plant

self-pollination
The position of stigma is usually
lower than the anther

Cross-pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from an
anther of one flower to stigma of
another flower on a different plant of
the same species

similarity
Both involve the transfer of pollen
grains from the anther to the stigma

Differences
Self pollination
Take place within
flower of the same
plant

Cross pollination
Involves flower of
the different plants
of the same
species
Pollen grain can be Pollinating agent
discharged directly are require to
onto the stigma
transfer pollen
without pollinating grain from one
agent
plant to the stigma

Advantages of cross
pollination
Produce new variety that has better
characteristic
Produce plant with more resistant to
pest and disease
Produce better quality fruits
Plant can adapt well to changing
environment
Increase the yield of crops

Use of cross pollination in

agriculture
To increase the yield of crop
To obtain crop with better
characteristics
To obtain crop that are resistant to
pest and disease
To obtain crop that mature earlier