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  • Power Factor Improvement Using Upfc

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    Uday Wankar
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    The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial. In order to keep power quality under the limits proposed by standards, it is required to incorporate some sort of compensation. There are two basic types of PFC circuits: active and passive. The simplest power factor correctors can be implemented using a passive filter to suppress the harmonics in conjunction with capacitors or inductors to generate or consume the fundamental reactive power, respectively. Active power factor correction circuits have proven to be more effective, generally integrated with the switch-mode circuitry, and actively control the input current of the load. This enables the most efficient delivery of electrical power from the power grid to the load. The demand for new smart, green products has set the stage for a worldwide migration from antiquated passive circuits to active correctors as well as from traditional analog technology to digital techniques. New digital active power factor correction delivers better full- and light-load power efficiency while lowering system costs, enabling smaller designs and providing a clear path for further feature enhancements and improved competitive positioning for a whole host of consumer and industrial products. Cirrus Logic’s novel advances in digital active PFC technology signify a major enabling element in the development of the newest generation of low cost, energy-efficient switch mode products.

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    The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial. In order to keep power quality under the limits proposed by standards, it is required to incorporate some sort of compensation. There are two basic types of PFC circuits: active and passive. The simplest power factor correctors can be implemented using a passive filter to suppress the harmonics in conjunction with capacitors or inductors to generate or consume the fundamental reactive power, respectively. Active power factor correction circuits have proven to be more effective, generally integrated with the switch-mode circuitry, and actively control the input current of the load. This enables the most efficient delivery of electrical power from the power grid to the load. The demand for new smart, green products has set the stage for a worldwide migration from antiquated passive circuits to active correctors as well as from traditional analog technology to digital techniques. New digital active power factor correction delivers better full- and light-load power efficiency while lowering system costs, enabling smaller designs and providing a clear path for further feature enhancements and improved competitive positioning for a whole host of consumer and industrial products. Cirrus Logic’s novel advances in digital active PFC technology signify a major enabling element in the development of the newest generation of low cost, energy-efficient switch mode products.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    321 views16 pages

    Power Factor Improvement Using Upfc

    Uploaded by

    Uday Wankar
    The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial. In order to keep power quality under the limits proposed by standards, it is required to incorporate some sort of compensation. There are two basic types of PFC circuits: active and passive. The simplest power factor correctors can be implemented using a passive filter to suppress the harmonics in conjunction with capacitors or inductors to generate or consume the fundamental reactive power, respectively. Active power factor correction circuits have proven to be more effective, generally integrated with the switch-mode circuitry, and actively control the input current of the load. This enables the most efficient delivery of electrical power from the power grid to the load. The demand for new smart, green products has set the stage for a worldwide migration from antiquated passive circuits to active correctors as well as from traditional analog technology to digital techniques. New digital active power factor correction delivers better full- and light-load power efficiency while lowering system costs, enabling smaller designs and providing a clear path for further feature enhancements and improved competitive positioning for a whole host of consumer and industrial products. Cirrus Logic’s novel advances in digital active PFC technology signify a major enabling element in the development of the newest generation of low cost, energy-efficient switch mode products.

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    of 16

    A

    Seminar
    On
    POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT
    USING UPFC
    By
    Mr. SURENDRA M. BUTALE
    Under the guidance of

    Prof. S. P. Jolhe
    Associate Prof. In Electrical Engineering Department
    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    GOVT. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
    CHANDRAPUR
    2014-2015

    Content

    Introduction of power factor improvement


    Power factor
    Effect of low power factor
    FACTS
    Benefits of FACTS
    FACTS Devices
    Introduction to UPFC
    Circuit description
    Operation of UPFC
    Application
    Conclusion

    INTRODUCTION
    Electrical energy generated, transmitted,
    distributed in the form of alternating current.
    Therefore power factor plays an important role.
    Power factor is highly undesirable as it causes an
    increase in current, result in additional losses of
    active power in all the elements of power system
    For good quality of power supply, it is necessary to
    have power factor as close as unity
    .

    Power factor
    The cosine angle between voltage and current in an AC
    circuit.
    The ratio of resistance to impedance.
    The ratio of active power to the apparent power.

    Power triangle
    Apparent power= VI in KVA
    Active power = VI cos in KW
    Reactive power = VI sin in KVAr

    KVAr

    KVA

    Kw

    Effect of low power factor


    Large KVA rating of equipment
    Greater conductor size
    Large copper losses
    Poor voltage regulation

    FACTS
    Flexible AC Transmission System (Facts) is a new integrated
    concept based on power electronic switching converters and
    dynamic controllers to enhance the system utilization and
    power transfer capacity as well as the stability, security,
    reliability and power quality of AC system interconnections .

    FACTS technologies improved transmission system


    operation with minimum investment, environmental impact
    and implementation time compared to the construction of
    new transmission line.

    BENEFITS OF FACTS
    Regulation of power flows in prescribed transmission routes.
    Reduces the need for construction of new transmission lines,
    capacitors and reactors.
    Provides greater ability to transfer power between controlled
    areas.
    These devices help to damp the power oscillations that could
    damage the equipment.

    BENEFITS OF FACTS
    Improves the transient stability of the system.
    Controls real
    independently.

    and

    reactive

    power

    flow

    in

    the

    line

    Damping of oscillations which can threaten security or limit


    the usable line capacity.

    FACTS Devices
    Name
    SVC
    TCSC
    TCPAR

    Type
    shunt
    series
    series &
    shunt
    STATCOM shunt
    SSSC
    series
    UPFC
    shunt &
    series

    Main function
    voltage control
    power flow control
    power flow control
    Voltage control
    power flow control
    voltage and power
    flow control

    Controller
    Thyristor
    Thyristor
    Thyristor
    GTO
    GTO
    GTO

    INTRODUCTION TO UPFC
    The UPFC concept describe in 1995 by L. Gyugyi.
    The UPFC is a device which can control simultaneously all three
    parameters of line power flow
    Such "new" FACTS device combines together the features of two
    "old" FACTS devices:
    1. STATCOM
    2. SSSC
    Control active and reactive power in transmission line
    These two devices are two Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs)
    connected respectively in shunt with the transmission line through a
    shunt transformer and in series with the transmission line through a
    series transformer, connected to each other by a common dc link
    including a storage capacitor.

    CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
    The basic configuration of a UPFC, which is installed
    between the sending-end Vs and the receiving-end VR. The
    UPFC consists of a combination of a series device and a
    shunt device, the dc terminals of which are connected to a
    common dc link capacitor .

    Fig1: Basic configuration of UPFC

    Operation of UPFC
    Series inverter- used for active and reactive line power flow
    Shunt inverter used for voltage regulation
    UPFC extensively used in power system because of their
    ability to provide flexible power flow controller

    Application
    Using HVDC transmission system
    Use of UPFC for optimal power flow control
    For improving micro grid voltage profile
    For enhancement of voltage profile & minimization of losses
    Increase transient stability of inter area power system
    For damping power system ossicilation

    conclusion
    UPFC is FACT device used to control active &
    reactive power flow. The overall result over the
    power system is that it improved the power factor.
    So it bring the present power system at better
    economy level

    Thank you

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