Environmental Management Systems

Environmental Management Systems

LECTURE on ISO-14001

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Environmental Management Systems

Contents
Elements of EMS
Commitment and Policy
Initial Environmental Review

Planning
Project discussion

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Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14000
ISO 14000 family is concerned with various aspects of
environmental management
Meaning what the organization does to minimize harmful effects
on the environment caused by its activities
Continually to improve its environmental performance

ISO 14000 family contains more than 20 standards,

guides, and other publications
dealing with a variety of topics such as forest management and
life-cycle assessment

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Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14000
The very first two standards in the ISO 14000 family are,
ISO 14001
ISO 14004
ISO 14001 provides the requirements for an EMS and
ISO 14004 gives general EMS guidelines

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Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14000
TC 207 formed six subcommittee to review different
aspects of EMS
The international sub committees are as follows:

SC 1 Environmental Management Systems (14001/14004)

SC 2 Environmental Auditing (14010, 14011, 14012)
SC 3 Environmental Labeling (14020)
SC 4 Environmental Performance Evaluation (14030)
SC 5 Life Cycle Assessment (14040)
SC 6 Terms and Definitions (14050)
SC 7 GHG Management & related activities

New series developed recently is environmental aspects

in product standards (14060)
Each committee is comprised of representatives from
ISO member countries
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Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14000
Role of each subcommittee is to
develop a portion of the draft standards then review and
approval by the technical committee and ultimately by all ISO
member

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Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14000
Environmental Management (ISO 14000)

Organization Evaluation

Product Evaluation

Environmental Management System

Life Cycle Assessment

Environmental Auditing

Environmental Labeling

Environmental Performance Evaluation

Environmental Aspects in
Product Standards

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Environmental Management Systems

Driving Forces for ISO 14000

Following are main driving forces for adoption of ISO
14000
Nowadays customers prefer products or services from ISO
certified companies
Government regulatory agencies feel that these organizations
are committed for the reducing impact on environment
So this may lead to less frequent inspection, less frequent
monitoring and reporting requirements
To market out product in foreign countries like European
countries, we need to have effective EMS like ISO 14001
To have competitive advantage over rival companies marketing
the same product
Companies adopting ISO 14000 may also benefit through
reduced operating and compliance costs and increased
management efficiencies
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Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14001
The ISO14001 standard describes a management
system
It does not prescribe environmental performance
targets
require the use of particular technologies or set goals for
environmental outcomes

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Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14001
It is however, generally accepted that
once an organization identifies its environmental aspects
evaluates its potential impacts on the environment
sets up a system to manage those impacts improved
environmental performance will take place

Implementation of an EMS brings environmental

concerns into the mainstream of business operations
by providing a framework for balancing and integrating
environmental and economic interests

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Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14001
ISO 14001 is organized around five basic principles or
key elements. They are

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Commitment and policy

Planning
Implementation
Measurement and evaluation
Review and improvement

Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14001
The system approach of an effective EMS is best shown
in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle

Plan Do Check Act

Continual
Improvement
Management
Review
Checking & Corrective
Action
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Environmental
Policy
Planning
Implementation &
Control

Environmental Management Systems

ISO 14000

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Environmental Management Systems

Step - 1
Commitment and Policy
The ISO14001 requires that
management demonstrate a real commitment to its EMS
this commitment be defined in a detailed environmental policy

That is documented and communicated to employees

Made available to the public

This document includes

a commitment to continual improvement and pollution
prevention
regulatory compliance
a framework for setting objectives

This require looking at many aspects of your business

The requirements imposed on your business by internal
and external forces
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Environmental Management Systems

Commitment and Policy

How these factors impact your environmental
management and performance
Three steps are necessary according to ISO 14004
Ensuring top management commitment and leadership
Performing an initial environmental review
Developing an environmental policy

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Environmental Management Systems

Commitment and Policy

Everyone in the company must be involved in ISO 14001
ISO 14001 is based on an awareness, at all levels of an
organization
activities of individuals, groups, and the company as a whole can
have an impact on the environment

Therefore, implementation of ISO 14001 requires that

personnel throughout a company, even those not in jobs
traditionally considered to have an impact on the environment
need to be involved in the implementation process

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Environmental Management Systems

Role of Top Management

Top management must be committed to improving the
Environmental management of the companys activities,
products, or services
Top management set the tone for the work to be done
First
it must develop a company environmental policy
Then it must set the goals and objectives needed to comply with
the environmental policy
Top management must allocate the resources, in terms of both
money and people
Incentives, such as employee review objectives, bonuses, and
awards, must be in place to ensure that employees buy into the
program
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Environmental Management Systems

Role of Top Management

Second
top management must monitor the elements of the EMS
it has established under ISO 14001 to ensure that they are
working

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Environmental Management Systems

Initial Environmental Review

Review of monitoring data, corrections must be made to
EMS as necessary
This provides a snapshot of the current state of your
business relative to the environment
The initial determination will be needed by top
management when it develop an environmental policy
for the company
It will also provide important data needed to begin
planning for the implementation of ISO 14001

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Environmental Management Systems

Initial Environmental Review

The first review should consider such aspects for your
business as
What regulatory and legislative requirements govern your
activities
Which business activities have or may have significant
environmental impacts, or may create liability
How you track or apply industry standards, codes of practice,
regulations, internal company requirements, or similar guidelines
What environmental management procedures and programs are
already in place
What aspects of your business may enable or impede your
ability to achieve better environmental performance

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Environmental Management Systems

Initial Environmental Review

You may want to consider the views of
parties outside your company
people who may have an interest in your environmental
performance

These parties could include

Shareholders
financial backers
Neighbors
local interest groups
environmental activists
local government entities

boards or commissions
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Environmental Management Systems

How I Get Started on the Initial Environmental

Review
There are several approaches to collecting information
that you may find useful, depending on the nature of the
data you want to collect
Use focused questionnaires, which produce unambiguous
responses
Review existing company records, procedures, and so on
Perform site inspections
Review audit results
Interview company personnel or outside parties
Develop checklist
Review Internal practices that have in the past resulted in
environmental improvement
Review procedure and practices of other similar companies that
have improved their environmental performance
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Environmental Management Systems

How I Get Started on the Initial Environmental

Review
Information can be obtained from numerous places, and
its always best to consult a range of different sources
Sources may include
Regulatory agencies for help in determining the existence and
applicability of regulations
Other companies in your industry and trade associations to
exchange information and determine industry standards
Libraries, databases, and online services, including Internet Web
pages or technical discussion group
Association to which your customer belong
Manufactures of the equipment used by our company
Contractors your firm employs such as waste haulers, disposal
facilities, and hazardous waste cleanup firms
Environmental management consultant
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Environmental Management Systems

How I Get Started on the Initial Environmental

Review
Your results and findings should be summarized in a
manner that
will allow management to understand your organizations current
environmental performance

The information developed, as well as the process used

to collect the information, should be documented
The results of your review should allow management
to identify areas where environmental performance needs to be
improved
opportunities that could lead to better or more efficient
environmental performance
ways to develop an environmental policy that will provide the
proper guidance and direction for you to develop an effective
EMS
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Environmental Management Systems

Step 2 Planning
Non Environmental Program
How existing non environmental management programs
can be useful?
The most obvious example is probably the international
quality management standard, ISO 9000
Organizations that are ISO 9000 certified have
developed many management elements very similar to
the requirements of ISO 14001
By adopting those elements to environmental
management, or by sharing management elements,
greater efficiency can be achieved

Environmental Management Systems

Determining Environmental Aspects

Environmental aspects
any element of an organizations activities, or
their products or services that should interact
with the environment
any activity that your company performs that may affect the
environment, in either a negative or a positive way

Activity do not have to be currently affecting the

environment
A regulated activity, for example, may not affect the environment
because you have it under control
However, it may affect the environment should your control fails

Environmental Management Systems

Determining Environmental Aspects

Why environmental aspects are important?
used to set objectives and targets for EMS
the development and implementation of your EMS will be aimed
at better management of those activities
that have a significant impact on the environment

Environmental Management Systems

Positive Impacts
Activities that conserve natural resources (i.e., energy
reduction, material recycling) are prime examples of
positive interaction with the environment
Not only is it just as important to manage these positive
activities
but also it allows you to take proper credit for beneficial
activities when you describe your EMS to outside parties

Some examples of environmental aspects include

Outside storage of hazardous wastes

Wastewater treatment
Painting or coating of parts
Sweeping and cleaning of floors and equipment

Environmental Management Systems

Difference in Environmental Aspect and Impact

An environmental aspect is any business activity that
may have an impact on the environment
such as emission, noise, energy use, and so on
An environmental impact is that change that actually
takes place in the environment because of the action of
the aspect
Impacts might include toxicity due to an emission
natural resource depletion due to energy use
or nuisance or habitat disruption due to noise

Environmental Management Systems

Determining Environmental Aspect

When planning, should I identify only those aspects of
my business that have a significant impact on the
environment?
You should identify as many environmental aspects of
your business as you can
then determine which are most important

This allows you to rank environmental aspects relative to

each other and avoids bias in deciding what may be
significant

Environmental Management Systems

Some Potential Information Sources

Things such as
types of permits
reporting requirements
notices of deficiencies

can help identify many regulatory related aspects of your

operation
Reviewing environmental audit reports also helps identify
areas of your operations where problems have or could
occur
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), or other
information about materials used by your company
can help identify the relative environmental hazards associated
with their use

Environmental Management Systems

Identifying Legal and Other Requirements

Legal requirements include any regulatory or statutory
requirements
that apply to the environmental aspects of your company

Other requirements can be a variety of non regulatory

performance criteria
whether from sources outside your organization or developed by
your organization for internal use

Environmental Management Systems

Identifying Legal and Other Requirements

Why Legal and Other Requirements are now
considered as a Separate Planning Activity?
ISO 14001 also requires that your company establish
and maintain a procedure to identify and have access to
legal and other requirements
that are applicable to your company

Need is the ability to identify and track new or developing

requirements
Many companies have procedures in place to track
applicable regulations
Other requirements are generally not tracked as formally
but will need to be under ISO 14001

Environmental Management Systems

Identifying Legal and Other Requirements

What sources of information can help me track legal
requirements?
You will want to use a number of sources
since any one source may not provide complete coverage of
your operation

Some possible sources include

Notifications or guidance from government regulatory agencies
Business or industry groups to which you may belong
Commercially available regulatory tracking services, newsletters,
and databases
Environmental consultants

Environmental Management Systems

Identifying Legal and Other Requirements

What are the shortcomings of relying on government
notifications ?
Government notifications tend to be complicated and
difficult to understand
especially in terms of the regulations practical
applicability to your company
Not all levels of government provide such notification in
an organized or dependable manner

Environmental Management Systems

Identifying Legal and Other Requirements

What are the limitations of using information
provided by an industry trade association?
Industry groups usually provide good updates or
seminars on the hot regulatory issues
but cannot address every new regulation

However, they may be a good place to network with

other companies similar to yours
to find out what types of tracking systems have provided good
results for others

Environmental Management Systems

Identifying Legal and Other Requirements

Are there drawbacks of using commercial reporting
services?
Commercial sources vary considerably in quality and
breadth of coverage
Good services usually provide complete coverage with
frequent updates at the federal level
But less coverage as you move down through the levels
of government
Depending on the total coverage you need and the
frequency of updates, the cost can be high

Environmental Management Systems

Identifying Legal and Other Requirements

What are the limitations of using an environmental
consultant to track regulations?
Professional environmental consultants are useful
for understanding the applicability of new regulations
assisting you in tracking developing regulations

However, only few individuals consultants are

knowledgeable enough in more than a few areas of
environmental regulations
to provide complete and in-depth tracking information

Environmental Management Systems

Identifying Legal and Other Requirements

What are some areas not covered by regulatory
requirements?
Areas not covered by regulatory requirements, but
important to your effective management of your
environmental performance, might include

Employees roles and responsibilities

Training and awareness
Process design engineering
Energy conservation and management
Pollution prevention and natural resource conservation

Environmental Management Systems

Setting the Objectives and Targets for EMS

An objective is established
to provide specific emphasis and direction to your efforts to meet
your companys environmental policy

The target is a specific and measurable endpoint, related

to an objective
which can demonstrate achievement of an objective, or progress
toward achievement of that objective

Reduction of air emission is an objective and a reduction

of 15% over the next 6 months is a target

Environmental Management Systems

Setting the Objectives and Targets for EMS

What is considered when setting objectives and
targets?
Objectives and targets must reflect the environmental
policy set by top management
They should also take into account
the significant environmental aspects you have identified
legal and other requirements (including financial, operational,
and business requirements)
the technological options for meeting targets

Environmental Management Systems

Setting the Objectives and Targets for EMS

Who should develop your objectives and targets?
Management from the portion of your organization
directly involved in setting objectives and meeting targets
should be involved in the development process
Likewise, employees who will have ultimate
responsibility for achieving the objectives and targets
should have input
Objectives and targets can be developed for specific
processes, facilities, or business units
or can developed to apply to an entire corporation

Environmental Management Systems

Setting the Objectives and Targets for EMS

The people you involve in the development of objectives
and targets
will first depend on the scope of these objectives and
targets
Your implementation team should work closely with both
the appropriate managers and employees
to ensure that objectives and targets are developed in
a manner that is consistent with your companys
environmental policy
address the significant environmental aspects that
have been identified

Environmental Management Systems

Setting the Objectives and Targets for EMS

Do objectives and targets change over time?
They are developed to address significant environmental
aspects
not every environmental aspect that has been
identified
As the significant environmental aspects are redefined
during review cycles specified in your EMS
the objectives and targets must also be reviewed and
amended

Environmental Management Systems

Setting the Objectives and Targets for EMS

How do I track progress toward achieving an
objective and its target?
Specific measurable indicators should be established for
each target at the outset
The ability to measure progress must be taken into
account in the actual selection of targets

Environmental Management Systems

Setting the Objectives and Targets for EMS

How are targets measured?
Progress toward achieving your target is measured using
environmental performance indicators
Environmental performance indicators
called EPI for operational and selected management areas
ECI for condition of the environment

developed by your company to measure environmental

performance in specific areas
Unlike audits
which provide a point in time appraisal of your compliance with
specific requirements

EPIs should provide a measurement over time

Environmental Management Systems

Setting the Objectives and Targets for EMS

This shows trends toward improved performance or
achievement of an objective
EPIs that could be used to measure progress toward an
objective might include

Percentage of waste recycled over time

Efficiency of material or energy use or reuse
Quantity of raw material used per quantity of product
Percentage of process engineering designs resulting in process
waste reduction

Environmental Management Systems

Developing Environmental Management Programs

Environmental management programs are the
mechanism
by which the action identified by the implementation team during
planning are actually carried out

Whereas the implementation plan may set a milestone

for some portion of your EMS planning or
implementation to be completed
It is the environmental management programs that will
ensure that
the appropriate people and resources are undertaking the
appropriate tasks to meet the milestone

Environmental Management Systems

Creating an Implementation Plan

Points included are
Identify a team of people with specific responsibilities for leading
the development of specific elements
Identify a person with overall lead responsibility for
implementation and planning
Identify which elements of ISO 14001 will need to be developed
for your organization
Identify specific non environmental programs and procedures
that can provide useful input for environmental programs, or
form the basis for similar ISO 14001 requirements
Provide the resources, both personnel and money, that will
enable the implementation team to accomplish its mission
Establish a schedule with critical paths, milestones, and
complete dates

Environmental Management Systems

Creating an Implementation Plan

The implementation plan should essentially create a
road map
how you will proceed through the ISO 14001 planning and
implementation

The plan is developed from the results of your detailed

gap analysis
its scope having been defined by top management in the
environmental policy it created