PGDM/PGDBM (2014-16)

SEMESTER 1

SAARC
Member(+PK,AF,BD,NEP,BH,SL& MLD)
Characterized by
Historical links & shared common
legacies
Diversities Ethnic, Language,
Religion & Political System
Witness to civil wars ,liberation
moves, military rules , nuclear
programs, insurgencies, terrorism

Religious tolerance ;Secular to Rigid fundamentalism

Has produced few powerful female leaders but still lagging behind female empowerment
> 500mill below $ 1.25 /pd;44% 0f global poor
Often associated with Drug & Human Trafficking
SAARC >27 yrs but still remains least integrated among global blocs

On the positive side, Region has recorded

average healthy growth rate 5-6 %
Democratic forms Govt. in most countries
India seen most democratic & stable,
emerging economic super power(pride &
envy)/Often victim of erroneous
impression
Many hold that on the whole India is in
Troubled Neighborhood

Against above B/G Indias foreign policy

advocates
Constructive engagement in spite
provocations from other side @ at risk
being called soft.
Benign non-interference in other countries
National consensus even against regional
views
Dealing with Government of the day
Non-prescriptive developmental assistance
Integrated approach to foreign &
economic policy for growth of Region

Permanent fixture on Indias FP radar

Ruled by mistrust & in spite of
strong common links Several Wars
Defense Rivalry including in nuclear
tests
Relationship constantly sour because
of Kashmir
Pakistan accused of sheltering many
militant groups perpetuating
terrorism within India

Both countries desire increased trade

relations and make some efforts but
have not borne fruit due to several cross
pulls
Public in Pakistan reportedly believe that
India has achieved much progress
economically and they Pakistan has
suffered due multitude of
fundamentalism infighting
India believes that a stable Pakistan will
be in our interest

Lingering suspicion since Indo-China

war -60s
Continuity in border disputes
2004;India recognized Tibet in China &
China Sikkim in India
However stapled visa for J& K to be
sorted out
Considerably improved relations with
efforts from both in the
economic/trade/cultural & nuclear
energy for peace

Biggest trading partner &

collaborations in WTO negotiation
rounds. India is aware of in Chinas
economic & military superiority
Chinas public reportedly sees Indias
emerging power globally as a threat

First regional country to recognize

soviet backed govt. in 1980
Shared friendly relations except during
Taliban tenure (1990 +)
Biggest regional civil donor for
reconstruction
Militarily not involved even though
Western powers advocated same
Afghanistan shares common concern
with India on Pakistan sheltering Taliban
militants

Indian Army actively assisted BD

freedom movement
Initials years good but later disputes on
a/c water sharing and land.30 yr
agreement on Ganga
Indias concern massive illegal migrants
flow and assistance to terrorist activities
BD has concerns over fencing the
border
BDR/India Concerned with growing of
drugs in the area

Relations have been generally friendly

except matters connected with LTTE &
SL Civil wars
India believes that SL army engaged in
Tamils genocide & SL believe that India
supports LTTE
Lately a lot of collaboration in many
areas
Minor issues connected with fishermen
entering each other nations waters
continues

Close Relations but often undergoes

big vs small syndrome
Treaty on security issues/preferential
economic /trade areas including right
to work & education
China also engaged in wooing Nepal
India believes that often Nepal
becomes passage for terrorists &
smugglers entering India

Share by & large friendly relations

and have signed several treaties of
common interest
India often seen as Big Brother
Recent military take over within
Maldives initially seen by India as not
in best democratic interest
Action against GMR also has received
mixed opinion in India

Friendliest relations amongst all

neighbors
Mutual trust and agreement for not
harboring anything against the
interest of the other nation
Several Indian Investments
China also attempting to woo bhutan

India supported Freedom Struggles &

enjoyed strong relations after British
departure
India forced to recognize Military
government against initial opposition
because of strategic relationship &
importance
With pressure from Global community
, india welcomes moves in Myanmar
to return to democracy

Iraq; Egypt; Syria; IsraelPalestine;

Ukraine & South Sudan

Attacks against central govt. by sunny followers

after withdrawal of US troops (2011)
Sunni vs.Shia (deposed SH-Sunni).Another
sizable faction is Khurds who also had fought SH
rule
Believed to be heavily helped by Sunni groups
from Syria because of belief that shia faction
supporting leadiAssad Regime-Formation of ISIS.
Recent reports on Al-Qeda joining the movement
is concern for India
Happenings in Iraq is of concern to India because
of Oil
Some moves afoot to find a consensual rule at
centre

Struggle ongoing from mid 20th century after

creation of state of Israel in Palestine which led
to displacement of sizable Arabs from their land
PLO came into existence & later PNA who have
been fighting for Palestine rights
While after protracted negotiations two state
solution found acceptance with PNA, conflicts
emerged between two major factions ;Fatah
(West bank) & Hamas (Gaza strip) leading to
collapse of bipartisan governance of PNA
Egypt & Jordan are trying broker a peace treaty
but latest rejection reportedly by Hamas as per
Israel has resulted in fresh offensives

Protests erupted in Jan 2011 over the

autocratic rule of president Mubarrak (+30 yrs)
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces took
over in February 2011
Elections under SCAF, widely accepted, brought
Morsi from Muslim Brotherhood into power
Morsi in Nov 2012 assumed unlimited powers.
Led to massive public protests forcing military
coup again
2014 election brought Al-sisi to power.Promise
of Stability

Commencement ;March 2011

Forces loyal to Baath Govt. vs Opposing it
Intially massive protests demanding
economic & democratic reforms
Deployment of army turned the revolt
into a armed rebellion with assymetrical
clashes demanding overthrow of Assad
Govt.
Proxy War (Russia vs Pro Western)
Prominence after reported use of
chemical warfare

February 2014 pro Russian section in

Ukraine movements for annexing
themselves to Russia
Fights in eastern & southern regions
intensified into armed separatist
insurgencies
Ukraine Administration launched
counter offensive
Crimea was annexed by Russian
Federation leading to expulsion of
Soviets from G9 & imposition of
Sanctions

December 2013 Commencement

President Kiir of Sudan came under
impression that a rebellion might be
planned against him by Nuer ( to which his
deputy belonged) community
Ordered disarming all the armed forces and
re-armed his own followers in the Dinka
community
His deputies from other community broke
away and armed Nuer forces with fights
escalating resulting in many civil deaths and
famine & diseases looming large in the area

Reasons may be varied-Dictatorship,

Intolerance , differing faiths, mistrust , ethnic
intolerance etc ..
Violent Infighting amongst various rival
factions resulting in civil wars of such
magnitude disrupts normal civic life often
with catastrophic manifestation
(famine,
malnutrition, denial to childhood, outbreak of
serious diseases , deaths etc and is concern
A finding by UN group believes that
ultimately the perceived
inequalities(Economic, Social , Cultural) forms
the root cause