genetics

kmstewart 2016

The test cross

Homozygous or heterozygous
dominant?

Are differences significant?

Chi-squared values

2013 P2 #2

(a) In a cross between a plant with purple flowers

and a plant with white flowers, all the F 1 plants had
purple flowers. When the F1 offspring were crossed
(selfed), 705 plants had purple flowers and 224
plants had white flowers.
(i) State the expected ratio for the cross of the F 1
offspring. [1]
(ii) State an appropriate null (H 0) hypothesis and an
appropriate alternative (H1) hypothesis for a Chisquare test of the results. [2]
(iii) Complete Table 2 by calculating the missing
values. [4]

 (iv) Determine the number of degrees of

freedom. Show your calculation. [1]
(v) Using the Chi-square values in Table 3,
comment on the validity of the null hypothesis
stated earlier. [2]

2003 P1 #7

Define the terms recessive allele and dominant allele. [2]

Sparrows from a wild population typically have brown
feathers. In a certain laboratory strain, a number of yellowfeathered individuals occur. A yellow sparrow is mated with a
brown sparrow. The results are shown below:
Parents: Yellow x Brown
F1 progeny: 44 Yellow, 40 Brown
The F2 progeny is produced by mating brown sparrows from
the F1 among themselves and yellow F1 progeny among
themselves. The results are shown below:

F1 Parents

Brown x Brown

F2 Progeny

84 Brown

Yellow x Yellow
23 Brown

61 Yellow

Deduce which feather colour is caused by a

dominant allele and which is caused by a
recessive allele. Give your reasoning. [3]
(i) Use the Chi-squared test to determine if
the data from the F2 matings between the
yellow-feathered sparrows as shown in (b)
agree with the expected outcome. [4]

 (ii) State whether you

accept or reject the
hypothesis that the feather
colours are segregating in a
Mendelian fashion. Give the
reason for your answer. [1]

CoDominance!

Snapdragon & Codominance

Sickle-Cell & Codominance

2001 P1 #9

(c) Mrs. Ribbon and Mrs.

Bibbon gave birth to babies
at the same time in a
hospital. Mrs. Ribbon took
home a baby girl and
named her Mary. Mrs.
Bibbon took home a boy
and named him John. Mrs.
Ribbon was sure she had
given birth to a boy and
complained to the hospital.
Table 3 below gives the
blood type of the parents
and the children.

Name
Mr.
Bibbon
Mrs.
Bibbon
Mr.
Ribbon
Mrs.
Ribbon
Baby
Mary
Baby John

Phenotype
(Blood type)
O
AB
B
B
A
O

 (i) Give all the possible genotypes of the

babies whose parents are Mr. and Mrs.
Ribbon. [3]
(ii) Give all the possible genotypes of the
babies whose parents are Mr. and Mrs.
Bibbon. [2].
(iii) Did an exchange occur between the
children of the two couples? Account for
your answer. [2]
(d) IF Mr. Bibbon was Rh-ve what is the %
chance that his child would be Rh -ve? [1]

Sex Determination in Humans

Karyotype

Calico cats are girls!

One of the genes
controlling coat
colour is sex-linked
XO = orange
XB = black
Possible genotypes
for males and
females?
Phenotypes?
Ref X-inactivation

2004 P1 #7
(a) Define the following terms: (i) Sex linkage [2] (ii) Allele [2]
(b) In humans, a recessive X-linked mutation, g, causes green
defective colour-vision. Robert and Sheila, both with normal
colour vision, G, have three children John, Mary and Betty.
Betty and Mary have normal colour vision, but John has
abnormal colour vision. John, Mary and Betty marry spouses with
normal vision. John has a daughter with normal vision. Mary has
one son with abnormal vision and two sons with normal vision.
Betty has six sons with normal vision.
In Table 5, give the most likely genotype for the persons in this
family, by inserting the G/g alleles present in EACH individual.
[6]

Name

Genotype

Parents

Robert

Sheila

John

Mary

Betty

Johns daughter

Marys sons (normal

colour vision)
Marys son (abnormal
colour vision)
Bettys sons

Children

Grandchildr
en

How do we know this is autosomal

recessive?

 CLUES TO PROPER USE OF PEDIGREE

CHARTS!

Colour-blindness inheritance

 Dihybrid
Inheritanc
e

Dihybrid Inheritance

The Dihybrid test cross