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This Thesis was Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Bachelors
Degree of Science in Control Engineering
By
RadwanMohammedAliAl-rahmani
SalahAddinMohammedAl-haderi
Supervisor
Dr.TareqAl-kar
Sabratha,Libya
April,2016
Project Background
themoleculesinanobjectorsystem.
Relativehumidityistheratiooftheactualwatervaporpressure
totheequilibriumvaporpressureoveraplaneofwater.
Topreventtheeffectoftemperatureandhumidityconsiderthe
following:
Determiningrateofusageofthestorage.
Preventingfluctuationandmaintainingstabilization.
Constantairfiltering.
Applyingcoldstorage.
Sun light
Lightispartoftheelectromagneticspectrum,whichrangesfromradio
wavestogammarays.
Lightacceleratesdeteriorationoflibraryandarchivalmaterials.It
causespapertobleach,yellow,ordarken.
environmentthathasundesiredeffects.
Gaseous Pollutants
Solid particles
Fireistherapidoxidationofamaterialintheexothermic
chemicalprocessofcombustion,releasingheat,light,and
variousreactionproducts.
The Fire Triangle
Oxygen:Oxygenisusuallyreadilyavailable.Itmakesup21%of
theairwebreathe.
Fuel:fuelhasmanytypesclassifiedbyhowtheyigniteand
extinguish,paperisclassifiedassolidfuel.
Heat:Theheatgivenoffbytheoxidationreactionsustainsthefire
onceitisestablished.Butfirst,aheatsourceisrequiredtoproduce
ignition.
The Microcontroller
Amicrocontrollerisacompactmicrocomputerthat
containsmanycomponentsdesignedtogovernthe
operationofembeddedsystems.Atypicalmicrocontroller
includesaprocessor,memory,andperipherals.
PIC Microcontroller
PICmicrocontrollersareelectroniccircuitsthatcanbe
programmedtocarryoutavastrangeoftasks.
PICmicrocontrollersallowelectronicsdesignerstoadd
intelligenceandfunctionsthatmimicsbigcomputersfor
almostanyelectronicsproductorproject.
Non-volatile program
memory.
PICBASIC Board
PICBASICismicrosingleboardcomputerprogrammedby
thePICBASIClanguage.
PICBASICisapplicablewidelyinautomationcontrolfield
suchasautomatedmachine,thermalcontroller,ROBOT
controller,dataacquaintancedevice.
PBM-R5boardisamodelofthePICBASICboardfamily,
ithasmanyfeaturesallowingittobeusedindesigning
automatedcontrolsystems.
ThePBM-R5usesPIC16F877AMicrocontrollerwith
memoryandpowercircuitsattachedtoitincludinga
breadboard.
PBM-R5CompleteCircuit
Atransducerisadevicethatconvertsoneformof
energytoanother.Atransducercanbeasensoror
anactuator.
Asensordevicewhichdetectsormeasuresa
physicalpropertyandrecords,indicates,or
otherwiserespondstoit.
Anactuatorisatypeofmotorthatisresponsible
formovingorcontrollingamechanismorsystem.
Temperature Sensors
Temperaturesensorsaredevicesusedto
measurethetemperatureofamedium.
ATemperatureSensorconsistsoftwobasic
physicaltypes:
Contact Temperature Sensor
Non-contact Temperature Sensor
IC Temperature sensors
Thereareawidevarietyof
temperaturesensorsIcs.
AnexampleforIC
temperaturesensorsis
LM35.
TheLM35seriesare
precisionintegrated-circuit
temperaturesensors.
TheLM35operatesat
-55to+120C.
Humidity sensors
Humiditysensorsmonitoranddetectambienthumidityunder
differentconditionsrangingfromlowtemperaturetohighorin
mixtureswithothergases.
Humiditymeasurementisusedinvariousareasofapplications
suchas:
Instrumentation
Automated systems
Agriculture
Climatology and GIS
Designedspecificallyforhigh
volumeOEMusers.
Deliversinstrumentation-quality
RHsensingperformance.
Resistancetomostapplication
hazardsandcommon
environmentalchemicals.
Light sensors
AphotoresistororLDRisa
light-controlledvariable
resistor.
Aphotoresistorismadeofa
highresistancesemi-conductor.
Inthedark,aphotoresistorcan
havearesistanceashighas
severalmegaohms(M),while
inthelight,aphotoresistorcan
havearesistanceaslowasa
fewhundredohms.
Carbonmonoxidedetectorsgiveanelectricalsignal
whentheysenseacertainamountofcarbonmonoxide
intheairovertime.
Therearemanydifferenttypesofcarbonmonoxide
sensors:
Biomimetic sensor
Electrochemical sensor
Metal oxide semiconductor
MQ-7gassensorcomposedby
microAluminumOxide
(AL2O3)ceramictube,Tin
Dioxide(SnO2)sensitivelayer,
measuringelectrodeandheater
arefixedintoacrustmadeby
plasticandstainlesssteelnet.
TheMQ-7possesseshigh
sensitivitytocarbonmonoxide
andhasandlonglifeand
stability.
Troubleshootingtheproblemsbystudyinga
sampleenvironment.
Creatinganalgorithmtosolvetheproblems.
Designingthesystemprogrammedbythe
createdalgorithm
DepartmentofStudyandExamsArchives
Control Algorithm
Todesigningthealgorithmitisnecessaryto
organizethefactorsbytheirlevelofthreat.
Takinginconsiderationthefollowing
specialcases:
Multi-threat situation
Affecting other factors
System Stages
Thestagesofcontrolforthesystemareas
follows:
Measurement stage
Fire and/or smoke stage
Light Stage
Temperature and humidity stage
SystemAlgorithmFlowchart
Afterdesigningthesystemalgorithmthenext
stepisassemblingthecontrolcircuitbyusingthe
hardwaredevicesandelectronicsandconnecting
themtotheMicrocontrollerPICBASICBoard.
Themicro-controllerisinchargeoftheentire
processdependingonthesignalsreceivedfrom
theperipheralunitsaccordingtothedesigned
program.
Control peripherals
Controlperipheralsarethedevicesconnectedto
thecontrolunit, theyaredividedintoinputsand
outputs.
Control Peripherals inputs:
Temperature
Relative humidity
Light density
Gas concentration
SystemCircuitGraph
Thefinalstepisprogrammingthemicrocontroller(controlunit)ByusingPICBASIC
studioprogrammingsoftware.
PICBASICstudioisIntegratedDevelopment
EnvironmentforPICBASIC.Itincludes
Compiler,Editor,Debuggeretcandis
compatiblewithMicrosoftWindows.
PICBASICStudioInterface
SystemCompleteCircuit
Conclusions
Thedesignedsystemwasprogrammedtoadjustwiththeweather
climateinSabratha/Libya.Thefollowingtabledemonstratesafew
readingsofthedesignedsystemoveraweek.
Thesysteminthisprojectwasdesignedtofunctioninthe
Mediterranean region therefore if it would be applied in
other regions one must alter the system to adjust to that
region.
if a complete system would be designed one can use a
phototransistorasarelaytoconnectthecontrolcircuitto
highvoltagedevices.
When designing a custom made system for a specified
functionorplaceyoumusttakenoticetheprecautionsin
storingpapersandapplythecoldstorageifpossible.
Thesystemdesignedspecifiesthenatureofthestored
substancehoweveritcanbeadjustedtobeusedtostore
othervarioussubstancesifonestudiestheprecautionsof
preservingthatsubstance.