You are on page 1of 38

The University of Zawia

Sabratha Faculty of Engineering


Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department

Designing a Paper Archive Protection System Using PIC Microcontroller

This Thesis was Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Bachelors
Degree of Science in Control Engineering
By

RadwanMohammedAliAl-rahmani
SalahAddinMohammedAl-haderi

Supervisor

Dr.TareqAl-kar

Sabratha,Libya
April,2016

Project Background

Archives and Record Storage Buildings are facilities


that provide a proper environment for the purpose of
storingrecordsandmaterials.
Paper documents storing methods are the most
importantfactorwhendesigninganarchive.
In this project we aim to design a control system that
monitors the environmental parameters automatically
and act accordingly using a microcontroller and
microcontrollerperipherals.

Objectives of the project

Understanding the environmental hazards that


affectpaperstorageprocesses.
Presenting thestructureofPICmicrocontroller
usedinthisprojectandtheperipheralsattached
toit.
Providing an overview of the system designed
inthisprojectandthealgorithmthatthesystem
operateson.

Environmental guidelines for the


storage of paper records

Temperature and Relative humidity


Temperatureisameasurementoftheaveragekineticenergyof

themoleculesinanobjectorsystem.
Relativehumidityistheratiooftheactualwatervaporpressure
totheequilibriumvaporpressureoveraplaneofwater.
Topreventtheeffectoftemperatureandhumidityconsiderthe
following:
Determiningrateofusageofthestorage.
Preventingfluctuationandmaintainingstabilization.
Constantairfiltering.
Applyingcoldstorage.

Sun light
Lightispartoftheelectromagneticspectrum,whichrangesfromradio

wavestogammarays.
Lightacceleratesdeteriorationoflibraryandarchivalmaterials.It
causespapertobleach,yellow,ordarken.

Air quality and pollutants


Airpollutantsingeneralaresubstancesorenergyintroducedintothe

environmentthathasundesiredeffects.
Gaseous Pollutants
Solid particles

Fire and Fire Extinguishing


Mechanisms

Fireistherapidoxidationofamaterialintheexothermic
chemicalprocessofcombustion,releasingheat,light,and
variousreactionproducts.
The Fire Triangle
Oxygen:Oxygenisusuallyreadilyavailable.Itmakesup21%of

theairwebreathe.
Fuel:fuelhasmanytypesclassifiedbyhowtheyigniteand
extinguish,paperisclassifiedassolidfuel.
Heat:Theheatgivenoffbytheoxidationreactionsustainsthefire
onceitisestablished.Butfirst,aheatsourceisrequiredtoproduce
ignition.

The Fire Triangle

Fire Extinguishing Method

Remove the Heat

Remove the Fuel

Remove the Oxygen

The Microcontroller

Amicrocontrollerisacompactmicrocomputerthat
containsmanycomponentsdesignedtogovernthe
operationofembeddedsystems.Atypicalmicrocontroller
includesaprocessor,memory,andperipherals.

PIC Microcontroller
PICmicrocontrollersareelectroniccircuitsthatcanbe
programmedtocarryoutavastrangeoftasks.
PICmicrocontrollersallowelectronicsdesignerstoadd
intelligenceandfunctionsthatmimicsbigcomputersfor
almostanyelectronicsproductorproject.

The PIC16F877A microcontroller


PIC16F877A Features

Non-volatile program
memory.

High-Performance RISC CPU.

Re-settable non-volatile data


memory (EEPROM).
RAM for data storage.
Direct support for various
input/output.

PICBASIC Board

PICBASICismicrosingleboardcomputerprogrammedby
thePICBASIClanguage.
PICBASICisapplicablewidelyinautomationcontrolfield
suchasautomatedmachine,thermalcontroller,ROBOT
controller,dataacquaintancedevice.
PBM-R5boardisamodelofthePICBASICboardfamily,
ithasmanyfeaturesallowingittobeusedindesigning
automatedcontrolsystems.
ThePBM-R5usesPIC16F877AMicrocontrollerwith
memoryandpowercircuitsattachedtoitincludinga
breadboard.

PBM-R5CompleteCircuit

Sensors and Transducers

Atransducerisadevicethatconvertsoneformof
energytoanother.Atransducercanbeasensoror
anactuator.
Asensordevicewhichdetectsormeasuresa
physicalpropertyandrecords,indicates,or
otherwiserespondstoit.
Anactuatorisatypeofmotorthatisresponsible
formovingorcontrollingamechanismorsystem.

Temperature Sensors

Temperaturesensorsaredevicesusedto
measurethetemperatureofamedium.
ATemperatureSensorconsistsoftwobasic
physicaltypes:
Contact Temperature Sensor
Non-contact Temperature Sensor

IC Temperature sensors

Thereareawidevarietyof
temperaturesensorsIcs.
AnexampleforIC
temperaturesensorsis
LM35.
TheLM35seriesare
precisionintegrated-circuit
temperaturesensors.
TheLM35operatesat
-55to+120C.

Humidity sensors

Humiditysensorsmonitoranddetectambienthumidityunder
differentconditionsrangingfromlowtemperaturetohighorin
mixtureswithothergases.

Humiditymeasurementisusedinvariousareasofapplications
suchas:
Instrumentation
Automated systems
Agriculture
Climatology and GIS

HIH4000 Humidity sensor

Designedspecificallyforhigh
volumeOEMusers.

Deliversinstrumentation-quality
RHsensingperformance.

Resistancetomostapplication
hazardsandcommon
environmentalchemicals.

Light sensors

AphotoresistororLDRisa
light-controlledvariable
resistor.
Aphotoresistorismadeofa
highresistancesemi-conductor.
Inthedark,aphotoresistorcan
havearesistanceashighas
severalmegaohms(M),while
inthelight,aphotoresistorcan
havearesistanceaslowasa
fewhundredohms.

Carbon Monoxide sensors

Carbonmonoxidedetectorsgiveanelectricalsignal
whentheysenseacertainamountofcarbonmonoxide
intheairovertime.
Therearemanydifferenttypesofcarbonmonoxide
sensors:
Biomimetic sensor
Electrochemical sensor
Metal oxide semiconductor

Carbon Monoxide Sensor MQ7

MQ-7gassensorcomposedby
microAluminumOxide
(AL2O3)ceramictube,Tin
Dioxide(SnO2)sensitivelayer,
measuringelectrodeandheater
arefixedintoacrustmadeby
plasticandstainlesssteelnet.
TheMQ-7possesseshigh
sensitivitytocarbonmonoxide
andhasandlonglifeand
stability.

System Design Steps

Troubleshootingtheproblemsbystudyinga
sampleenvironment.

Creatinganalgorithmtosolvetheproblems.

Designingthesystemprogrammedbythe
createdalgorithm

DepartmentofStudyandExamsArchives

Control Algorithm

Todesigningthealgorithmitisnecessaryto
organizethefactorsbytheirlevelofthreat.
Takinginconsiderationthefollowing
specialcases:
Multi-threat situation
Affecting other factors

System Stages

Thestagesofcontrolforthesystemareas
follows:
Measurement stage
Fire and/or smoke stage
Light Stage
Temperature and humidity stage

SystemAlgorithmFlowchart

Connecting the System

Afterdesigningthesystemalgorithmthenext
stepisassemblingthecontrolcircuitbyusingthe
hardwaredevicesandelectronicsandconnecting
themtotheMicrocontrollerPICBASICBoard.

Themicro-controllerisinchargeoftheentire
processdependingonthesignalsreceivedfrom
theperipheralunitsaccordingtothedesigned
program.

Control peripherals

Controlperipheralsarethedevicesconnectedto
thecontrolunit, theyaredividedintoinputsand
outputs.
Control Peripherals inputs:

Temperature
Relative humidity
Light density
Gas concentration

Control Peripherals Outputs:


Air conditioning
CO2 valves
Alarm sound
Window open/closing
Monitoring

SystemCircuitGraph

Control unit programming

Thefinalstepisprogrammingthemicrocontroller(controlunit)ByusingPICBASIC
studioprogrammingsoftware.

PICBASICstudioisIntegratedDevelopment
EnvironmentforPICBASIC.Itincludes
Compiler,Editor,Debuggeretcandis
compatiblewithMicrosoftWindows.

PICBASICStudioInterface

SystemCompleteCircuit

Conclusions

Thedesignedsystemwasprogrammedtoadjustwiththeweather
climateinSabratha/Libya.Thefollowingtabledemonstratesafew
readingsofthedesignedsystemoveraweek.

Recommendations and Future Works

Thesysteminthisprojectwasdesignedtofunctioninthe
Mediterranean region therefore if it would be applied in
other regions one must alter the system to adjust to that
region.
if a complete system would be designed one can use a
phototransistorasarelaytoconnectthecontrolcircuitto
highvoltagedevices.
When designing a custom made system for a specified
functionorplaceyoumusttakenoticetheprecautionsin
storingpapersandapplythecoldstorageifpossible.

Thesystemdesignedspecifiesthenatureofthestored
substancehoweveritcanbeadjustedtobeusedtostore
othervarioussubstancesifonestudiestheprecautionsof
preservingthatsubstance.

You might also like