Bicol University

Graduate School
Legazpi City

ResourceDevelopmentand
Management
Dr. Reina O. Habalo
Professor

Motivation
Ms. Sonia Peralta
Discussant

What is motivation?
Motivation is a term that
initiates, activates, directs
and sustains goal-directed
behaviour.

It is what causes one to take

action. It is the "whys" of
behaviour; explains why a
person does something. The
needs or wants that drive
behaviour and explain what
we do.

Forces that lie beneath

motivation:
social
biological
emotional
cognitive

Components of Motivation:
activation
persistence
intensity

Activation involves the decision

to initiate a behaviour.
Persistence is the continued
effort toward a goal even
though obstacles may exist.

Intensity is manifested in the

concentration and vigor that goes
into pursuing a goal.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation involves
engaging in behaviour that arise

from outside of the individual

and often involves rewards such
as trophies, money, accolades,
acclaim, recognition, promotion,
etc.

Intrinsic Motivation are those

that arise from within the individual
done because it is personally
rewarding or fulfilling. The person's
behaviour is motivated by an
internal desire and activities are
done for its own sake rather than

the desire for some external

reward. Activities done can
generate positive emotions within
the individual and give people a
sense of meaning, a sense of
progress or becoming more skilled
at tasks or purely for personal
gratification of fulfilment.

While most people would suggest

that intrinsic motivation is best, it is
not always possible in each and
every situation. Some people still
are drawn to action because of
external rewards and have no
internal desire to engage in
intrinsically motivated activities.

TheoriesofMotivation

Instinct Theory of Motivation

According to instinct theory,
people are motivated to behave in
certain ways because they are
evolutionary programmed to do so,
because of instincts, which are fixed
and inborn patterns of behaviour.

Ex. of human instincts: attachment,

play, shame, anger, fear, shyness,
modesty and love.
The theory deals with the
influence of genetics and heredity
on human behaviour.

Incentive Theory of Motivation

The theory suggests that people
are motivated to do things because of
external rewards.
Ex: Going to work each day for the
monetary reward of being paid.

Behavioural learning concepts

such as association and reinforcement
play an important
role in this theory.
Drive Theory of Motivation
People are motivated to take certain
actions in order to reduce the internal

tension caused by unmet needs.

Drive theory suggests that people have
basic biological drives and that our
behaviours are motivated by the need
to fulfil these drives.
Ex: need for food, water and sleep

Humanistic Theory of Motivation

It suggests that motivation is
based on the idea that people have strong
cognitive reasons to perform various
actions.
Ex: Maslow's hierarchy of needs
which presents different motivation at
different levels.

People are motivated to fulfil basic

biological needs for food and shelter,
as well as those of safety, love and
esteem. Once the lower level needs
have been met, the primary motivator
become the need for self-actualization
or the desire to fulfil one's individual
potential.

Arousal Theory of Motivation

It suggests that people are motivated
to engage in behaviours that decrease
or increase their levels of arousal.
Ex: When a person's arousal level gets
too low,

he might do such activities as jogging or

watching a movie. When arousal levels
get too high, he would probably look for
ways to relax such as meditating or
reading a book. According to this theory,
we are motivated to maintain an optimal
level of arousal although this level can
vary on the individual or the situation.

ManagementMatters
MostInMotivation

Before the 1980's good leadership

was synonymous with assertive
decision making.
Leaders were celebrated for their
courage and risk taking when shaping
organizational or corporate strategies.

Those times have changed.

Leaders today are expected to be
social scientists.
The great leaders today are the
gifted individuals who have
mastered the art of motivation.

They have the ability to understand

their people and be able to tap their
needs and skills.
Good decision and tough choices
are still central to what leaders do,
but today the leader's job doesn't
stop there.

What separates good leaders from

ordinary leaders is the ability to
inspire, motivate and engage their
people.
Exceptional Managers provide a
work environment that fosters
employee motivation.

To do that, leaders and

managers should commit
to eliminating negative
criticisms. They need to
search for positive things
to say to others.

Pick people to encourage. Send

a short written note. Make yourself
accessible to people. Spend
some time with them each day.
Give your time without expecting
something in return. Nothing
describes a manager's character
better than his desire to
value others.

Rebuild bridges - Go to a
person you have hurt and
apologize for past actions
or remarks.

When you communicate with

your people, you create a bridge
between you and them. When
people feel good about you and
themselves on time they're with
you, then the level of influence
increases significantly.

Do some mentoring. Pour

your life into other people
and help them reach their
potential. Nurture the
foundation upon which they
can begin the building
process.

People won't trust you

if they see that you are
driven by ego, jealousy
or you show you are
better than they are.

We have been put on this

earth not to be served, but to
serve. Giving of ourselves
and our time to others shows
we care about them.

Spend a lot of time with your

people. But as they gain
confidence in themselves,
they will require less personal
contact. Until they reach that
point, make sure they have
access to you.

EmployeeMotivation

A manager's impact on employee

motivation is immeasurable.
By the manager's words, body
language and the expression on
his face, he telegraph's his opinion
of their value to the people
employed. A good leader inspires
and motivates.

Tipsthatcreate
motivationalatmosphere:

1. Develop a nurturing environment

in the workplace. Make people
around you feel loved, valued,
respected and secure.
2. Give special encouragement.
Demonstrate your support for your
employees.

3. Rebuild bridges.
4. Encourage people and communicate with
them on an emotional level
5. Mentor and help your employees reach
their potential. Give them opportunities to
reach their dreams
and hone their skills.

6. Exemplify humility in the

workplace.
7. Embrace an attitude of service.
8. Believe in your people. When
you do, they do the impossible.

9. Be accessible to your
employees. You can't nurture
anyone from a distance.
10. Recognize performance.

Specific Actions to Increase

Employee Motivation

Communicate responsibly and

effectively any information employees
need to perform their jobs most
effectively.They want the information
necessary to do their jobs.
They need enough information so that
they make good decisions about their
work.

Meet with employees following

management staff meetings to
update them about any company
information that may impact their
work.

Stop by the work area of

employees who are particularly
affected by a change to
communicate more. Make sure
the employee is clear about what
the change means for their job,
goals, time allocation, and
decisions.

Communicate daily with

every employee who reports
to you. Even a pleasant
good morning enables the
employee to engage
with you.

Hold a weekly one-on-one meeting

with each employee who reports
to you. Encourage employees to
come prepared with questions,
requests for support,
troubleshooting ideas
for their work,

and information that will keep you from

being blindsided or disappointed by a
failure to produce on schedule or as
committed.
Employees find interaction and
communication with and attention from
senior and executive managers
motivational.

Actively solicit information from the

employees who report to you and from
your coworkers about what motivates
them.
Motivation at work is a choice
employees make. Employees are
ultimately in charge of motivating
themselves.

Communicate openly, honestly

and frequently. Hold whole staff
meetings periodically, attend
department meetings regularly,
and communicate by wandering
around work areas engaging staff
and demonstrating interest
in their work.

Implement an open door policy

for staff members to talk, share
ideas, and discuss concerns.

We are never more

ourselves than when
we are loving; We are
never better than
when we are loved and
valued.

THANKYOU!