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INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL
SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY
Anukaran Khanna
OUTLINE
Importance of Control System
Basic Definitions
Classification of Control System
Open Loop Control System
Closed Loop Control System
Control system plays a vital role in our day to day life. The notion of automatic control system is basic and
well mixed in every facet of life.
There is series of unending implementations of control systems, from a simple bread toaster to complex
power plant, and also in the working of satellites, guided missiles, etc.
Basic Definitions
Basic Definitions
Output: The actual response that is obtained from a control system due to
the application of the input is termed as output.
Disturbances: The signal that has some adverse effect on the value of
the output of a system is called disturbance. If it is produced within the
system, it is termed as an internal disturbance; otherwise it is known as
an external disturbance.
Basic Definitions
A Control System must have (1) Input (2) output (3) ways to
achieve input and output objectives and (4) control action.
Man Made Control System: The various control systems that are
designed and developed by man are known as man made control
system. An automobile system is an example of man made control
system.
Time Varying and Time Invariant Control System: If the parameters of control
system vary with time, the control system is termed as time varying control system.
A space vehicle leaving earth is an example of time varying system.
If the parameters of control system do not vary with time, the
control system is termed as time invariant control system. The
elements of an electrical network such as resistance, inductance and
capacitance are an example of time invariant system.
Single Input Single Output and Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems: If a control
system has one input and one output it is termed as Single Input Single Output (SISO)
system. If a control system has multiple input and multiple output, it is known as Multiple
Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system.
A system in which control action does not depend on output is known as open
loop system.
Examples of open loop systems are automatic washing machines, bread toaster,
electric hand drier, automatic milk server, traffic signal etc.
Advantages
A) These system are simple in construction and design.
B) These system are economical.
C) They are usually stable
D) Maintenance is easy
Disadvantages
A) They are less accurate
B) If external disturbances are
significantly from the desired value.
present,
output
differs
r(t) is the reference input, e(t) is the error signal, u(t) is the actuating signal, and
c(t) is the controlled output.
This error e(t) is applied to the controller. The controller gives the activating signal
u(t) for the process. The controlled output will be driven by the action of the
controller in such a manner that e(t) will be reduced to zero. Practical examples
of closed loop systems are automatic electric iron.
Advantages
A) They are more accurate
B) The effect of external disturbance signal can be made
small.
C) Speed of response can be greatly increased
D) The variations in parameter of system do not affect the output of the
system.
Disadvantages
A) They are more complex and expensive
B) The system are prone to instability
C) Cost of maintenance is high.
THANKS