Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chemistry:
Microbiology
Ms. Ma. Hermielyn
B. Cardenas
Discussant
What is Microbiology?
Biology is the study of living
organisms
Micro anything small that
must be viewed with a
microscope
What is Microbiology?
It is the study of very
small living living
organisms, called
microorganisms or
microbes.
Microorganisms are
essential in medical field
- Some bacteria and fungi
are used to produce
antibiotics
Microorganisms are
ubiquitous.
They are virtually
everywhere.
Careers in Microbiology
Bacteriology study of bacteria
Phycology or algology study
of algae
Protozoology study of
protozoa
Mycology study of fungi
Virology study of virus
History of Microbiology
Varo & Columella [1st
century BC]:
Diseases caused by
invisible organisms
(Animalia minuta)
History of Microbiology
Girolamo Fracastorius of
Verona [1546]:
Living germs (contagium
vivum) cause infectious
diseases
Kircher [1659]: reported
Robert Hooke
Developed
Compound
microscope
1st to coin the
term Cell
Louis Pasteur
Father of Modern
Microbiology
Established that
Fermentation caused
by microbial agents
was caused by
microbes
Demonstrated
anaerobic fermentation
Louis Pasteur
Developed
pasteurization to
prevent spoilage of
wine by bacteria
Proved that microbes
arise only from their
like
Contributed to the
Germ Theory of Disease
Robert Koch
Further developed
the Germ Theory of
Disease
Invented a flat glass
dish, known today as
petri dish
Invented the Kochs
Postulate together
with his colleagues
Kochs Postulate
Used to identify a pathogen responsible for a certain
disease
Diversity of
Microorganisms
Bacteria
Bacteria
Important Practical
significance:
Some cause diseases
Some perform role in natural
cycling of elements and
increase soil fertility
Manufacture of valuable
compounds in Industry
Bacteria
Basic shapes
1. Round cocci
2. Rod-shaped bacilli
3. Comma vibrio
4. Spiral spirilla
5. Corkscrew spirochete
Bacteria
Arrangements
1. Pairs diplo
2. Chains strepto
3. Clusters staphylo
4. Packets of four tetrads
5. Packets of eight octads
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Phenotypic Categories
1. Gram-negative
- Escherichia coli
2. Gram-positive
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
3. Gram-variable
- Mycobacterium tuberculae
Virus
Virus
Practical significance:
Cause diseases in
humans, animals, and
plants
Also infect
microorganisms
-bacteriophage
Virus
Virion a complete
virus particle
Capsid a protein
coat that surrounds
its genome
Capsomere small
protein units that
comprises the
capsid
Algae
Algae
Practical significance:
Production of food in
aquatic environments
Source of food and in
Pharmaceuticals
Some produce toxic
substances
Algae
pellicle a
thickened cell
membrane
Stigma or eyespot
a light-sensing
organelle
Flagella used for
motility
Fungi (Yeast)
Fungi (Yeast)
Practical significance:
Some cause diseases
Some are used as food
supplements
Manufacture of alcoholic
beverages
Fungi (Mold)
Important Characteristics:
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Many distinctive structural features
Cultivated on artificial laboratory
media
Reproduction asexual or sexual
Fungi (Mold)
Practical significance:
Decomposition of many
materials
Industrial production of
many chemicals like
antibiotics
Can cause diseases
Fungi
garbage disposers
of nature
vulture of the
microbial world
Sometimes referred to
as plants
chitin
polysaccharide found
on its
cell wall
Protozoa
Protozoa
Practical significance:
Some cause diseases
Food for aquatic animals
Protozoa