Why do we eat?

Our body needs food to provide

the our body the nutrients that it
needs.
The food that we eat cannot
readily be absorbed and used by the
body.

Digestion
It is the process of breaking down food into
more absorbable particles.
Types of Digestion
Mechanical digestion It is the
breakdown of foods with the help of body
parts like chewing and grinding
Chemical digestion It is the
breakdown of foods with the help of
enzyme

Alimentary Canal
It is a passage way through which
the food that we eat travels.
It starts from the mouth and ends
in the anus. It is approximately
nine meters long.

Mouth

Mouth
Mastication it is the mechanical
breakdown of food in the mouth.
Teeth
1. Incicors thin-edged for cutting
foods
2. Canines pointed for tearing
3. Molars and Premolars specialized
for crushing and grinding

Mouth
Tongue
It helps push and mix food while the
back part of it secretes mucus
making swallowing easier.
Salivary glands
It secretes saliva. The saliva contains
salivary amylase and maltase.

Pharynx and Esophagus

Pharynx and Esophagus

Pharynx
It is the hallway of food used for
both digestive and respiratory
system
Esophagus
It is a canal that connects throat to
the stomach

Pharynx and Esophagus

Epiglottis
It is a flap of cartilage that closes
the airway during swallowing
Peristalsis
It is the movement of food along
the esophagus to the stomach
and small intestine.

Pharynx and Esophagus

Anti-peristalsis
It results to vomiting which
prevents body from harmful
substances that are ingested.
Bolus
It is a thick paste-like mixture of
undigested food.

Stomach

Stomach
It is a hollow, muscular organ that
lies between the esophagus and
duodenum.
The opening of the stomach is
closed by the cardiac sphincter
that prevents the backflow of
gastric juices.

Stomach
Functions of the Stomach
Temporarily storage of food
Combines food and water
Slowly drains the food through
the pyloric sphincter.

Stomach
Rugae
It is the folds in the stomach wall that
allows expansion.
Gastric glands
The gastric gland is the basic secretory
unit of the stomach and contains a
variety of component cells located in
characteristic locations.

Stomach
Types of glands
1. Cardiac glands
2. Fundic glands
3. Pyloric glands
Types of cells
4. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric
acid and intrinsic factor
5. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen

Stomach
The food stays in the stomach for
about two to five hours.
Chyme
It is the partially digested food
that is expelled by the stomach
to the duodenum.

Small Intestine

Small Intestine
It is a narrow, corrugated tube
where digestion happens with
the help of enzyme from
accessory organs.
It is approximately 7 meters long
and 2.5 3 cm in diameter.

Small Intestine
Parts of the Small Intestine
Duodenum chemical digestion
Jejunum absorbtion of foods
Vit. B12 and fats

except

Ileum absorption of Vit. B12 and fats

Small Intestine
Absorption
It is the process by which substances
are taken in by cells of the food tube.
Villi
It is the fingerlike structure found in
the walls of the small intestine
responsible for absorption of foods

Small Intestine
Cecum
It is the junction of small and large
intestine
Appendix
It is a pouch-like structure that
protrudes outside the cecum

Large Intestine

Large Intestine
It is the final section of the
gastrointestinal tract that performs
the vital task of absorbing water
and vitamins while converting
digested food into feces.
It is approximately 1.3 m in length

Large Intestine
Parts of the Large Intestine
Ascending Colon reabsorption
of water, vitamin K and
potassium
Transverse Colon further
reabsorption of water and other
key nutrients

Large Intestine
Descending Colon storage of
feces, digestive waste that have
not been absorbed
Sigmoid colon s-shaped colon
which contracts to increase the
pressure and eliminates wastes

Large Intestine
Rectum
It is the final section of the large
intestine
Anus
It is the opening of the rectum.

Large Intestine
Elimination
It is the process of getting rid of
digestive wastes.
Excretion
It is the process of getting rid of
metabolic wastes.

Accessory Organs
These are organs of the digestive
systems that help to break down
foods in the alimentary tract.
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Liver

Liver
It is the largest internal organ of
the body and also one of the
most complex organ.
It lies in the upper right abdomen
just under the diaphragm

Liver
Functions of the liver
Maintains homeostasis
Filters blood by detoxification of
alcohol and other drugs
Stores glucose in the form of
glycogen, iron and certain vitamins
Produces and releases bile, an
enzyme for fat digestion

Gallbladder

Gallbladder
It is a small organ where bile is
stored and concentrated before
it is released into the small
intestine.
Gallstones
Cholecystectomy

Pancreas

Pancreas
The pancreas is a digestive organ,
secreting pancreatic
juicecontainingdigestiveenzymes.
It assist digestion and absorption of
nutrients in thesmall intestine.
Theseenzymes help to further break
down thecarbohydrates,proteins,
andlipidsin thechyme.

Pancreas
Digestive enzymes
Enzymes

Macronutrie
nt

Amylase

Carbohydrate
s

Absorbable
Particles

Glucose

Lipase

Fats

Lipids and
glycerol

Trypsin

Protein

Amino Acid

Pancreas
The pancreas also secretes the
hormones insulin and glucagon.
Insulin
Itregulates themetabolismof
carbohydratesandfatsby promoting
the absorption ofglucosefrom the
blood toskeletal musclesandfat
tissue

Pancreas
Glucagon
It works to raise the concentration
ofglucosein the bloodstream. Its
effect is opposite that ofinsulin,
which lowers the glucose.

Tips for a Healthy Body

Have a balanced diet

Watch the amount you eat
Chew your food well
Eat slowly to facilitate digestion
Drink plenty of water
Balance food with activities such
as exercise

Always Remember:
The Greatest wealth
is your HEALTH!