ICARUS

Medium Altitude Long Endurance

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

UAV

Contents

1. Team Organization
2. Time Table
3. UAV Requirements
4. Propulsion
5. System & Payloads Data
6. Geometrical Definition
7. Structural Layout
8. Installation Layout
9. Weight & Balance
10. Aerodynamics
11. Performance
12. Conclusions
13. Appendix A- Payload info
14. Appendix B - Propulsion

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

Team Organization
Eliran Yeger

Team Manager

Yanir Shaked

Eliran Yeger

Geometry

Eyal Tiosano

Ziv Snai

Structure

Arkady Sitnitsky

Judith Eliyani

Weight and Balance

Nimrod Mankovski Oran Donay

Propulsion

Arkady Sitnitsky

Nimrod Mankovski

Performance

Oran Donay

Yanir Shaked

Aerodynamics

Ziv Snai

Eyal Tiosano

System & Payloads

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

Time Table

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

MARKET SURVEY
From 2011 to 2017, worldwide UAVs markets are poised to
achieve significant growth as governments worldwide move to
implement more cost efficient military systems and weapons
delivery modalities.
This market will grow as governments worldwide realize these
affordable UAVs can provide a less expensive way to provide
defense of a nations borders and deterrent to intruders.
In parallel a significant civilian market starts its development.

MARKETING ANALYSIS, Ben Berry, May 31 ,2012

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

MARKET
SURVEY
Another factor
to affect this market grow is based
on the creation of new services efficiencies that
occur from improved technologies.
Additionally, New composite materials systems are
achieving consistent price declines throughout the
forecast period.
Military UAVs technology is moving into more
commercial affordable technology.
Frost & Sullivan, 28 Jun 2011

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

MARKET SURVEY
Spending for unmanned air vehicles to double
over next 10 years worldwide, With estimation on
MALE market will cost a total of $15.5 billion from
2014-2023.
2013 Teal Group
forecast
The UAV market will rapidly grow during the next
10 years
Frost & Sullivan, 28 Jun 2011

DATA
21/05/2014
Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

MARKET SURVEY - COMPETITORS

United Arab Emirates

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

MARKET SURVEY - COMPETITORS

ISRAEL ELBIT SYSTEMS

U.S.A GENERAL ATOMICS AERONAUTICAL

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

MARKET SURVEY - COMPETITORS

ISRAEL AEROSPACE INDUSRIES

TURKISH AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

10

ICARU
S

Anka

Heron
TP

Predator
B

Hermes
900

YABHONSMART
EYE

42

24

36

35

36

120

Endurance
[hrs]

20

17.3

26

17

15

21

Wingspan [m]

10

14

8.3

Length [m]

4130

1600

4650

1157

1100

1000

MTOW [kg]

5001000

200

1000

147

350

75-550

Payload [kg]

1000
[kg]

---

---

270[kg]

---

900 [lt]

Fuel

TRACE
OE600

Thielert
Centuri
on 2.0

1,200
hp
Turbo
Prop

Rotax
Rotax
914 Turbo 914 RESOURCE:
- 4.8 kW21/5/2014
115hp

80/100/11
5hp

Power

32,000

Preliminary

Yabhon - smart eye http://www.adcom-systems.com/ENG/UAV/YAHBON-SMART-EYE/Overview.h

tml
30,000
45,000 Hermes
25,000
900
30,000
24,000
Ceilling [ft]
http://62.0.44.103/Elbitmain/files/Hermes900.pdf
Predator B
http://www.ga-asi.com/products/aircraft/pdf/Predator_B.pdf
Heron Tp
http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/6/35766.pdf
Anka
Aircraft Design TAU 2014https://www.tai.com.tr/en/project/anka-medium-altitude-long-endurance11
uav-system

Vehicle Specification

I STAR Abilities
Endurance 42 [hr]
Wingspan 20 [m]
Length 10 [m]
Altitude 32,000 [ft]
Range 2,400 [km]
Weight : MTOW 4130
[kg]

BEW/MTOW ~

Payload 1000 [kg]

50%

Fuel 1000 [kg]

MTOW ~ 25%
Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

12

Propulsion
Power to
Weight
ratio
[HP/lb]

Fuel
consumpti
on
[lb/hp/h]

Dry
weight
[kg]

Power
[Hp]

0.5

0.51

130

550

PT6A-20

0.81

0.44

335

600

TRACE OE600

0.9

0.4

185

168

AE300

0.69

0.458

64

115

Rotax 914 UL

http://www.flyrotax.com/enginesImpressum/product-rangeImpressum/carburetedImpressum/914115hpImpressum/description.aspx
www.diamondaero.com/products/DA42NG/docs/AE300.pdf
www.pwc.ca/files/en/Know_your_PT6A.pdf
http://www.traceengines.com/engines/OE600

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

13

Propulsion

TRACE OE600:

Was tested as a potential replacement engine on a number of aircraft,

including the Air Tractor 300 and 400 Series (agricultural), de Havilland
Canada DHC-2 Beaver and DHC-3 Otter (utility transport), the Beechcraft C90
King Air (civil), Aero Commander 500 series (utility transport), and AEA
Explorer 500R (light multirole). Several new aircraft were designed around
the engine as well, including the TAI ZIU (Turkey, agricultural) and the
Preliminary
Design
TAU 2014
14
Hongdu
N-5Aircraft
(China,
agricultural).
http://www.traceengines.com/engines/OE60

Propeller Selection

According to:
http://www.culverprops.com/CulverProps.html

Eff =
83.3%
Appendix

MODEL AIRPLANE PROPELLERS, W. B. GARNER, MARCH, 2009

http://www.traceengines.com/engines/OE600

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

15

Engine Performance:

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

16

Market survey-Systems &

Payloads
EO

EW

IFF

Radar

Chariots of fire
DCoMPASS
LOROS
MOSP 3000-HD
M- 19 HD
EL/L-8212
EL/L-8385
LTR 400
AN/APX-101
STX 165
T2000
LYNX
EL/M-2055DL

Elbit systems
Elbit systems
IAI
IAI
IAI
IAI
IAI
cassidian
aamsi
sandia
microair
General Atomics
IAI
*Appx. A*

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

17

Chosen payloads
Decision guidelines:
Proven systems
Minimum number of sub-contractors
Israeli based companies

EO

EW

IFF

Radar

Chariots of
fire/
DCoMPASS

EL/L-8212

T2000

EL/M-2055DL

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

18

Avionics Diagram

Design guidelines (big picture, based on own experience in the field

of system eng.):
Redundancy for failures and data validation
Basic architecture for simplicity (KISS method)
Main flight control computer gathers all flight data

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

19

*Israel
Industry*

ICARUS Configuration

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

20

Geometrical Definition

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

21

Geometrical Definition
Mean Airfoil
Chord 1.5[m]

Coordinate System

4.7[m]

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

22

Side view
.C.G. at 30% M.A.C

Wheel Diam. = A
Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

23

Bottom view
Length: 10 [m]
Span: 20 [m]

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

Flaps

24

Front view

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

25

Structural Layout
Key Guidelines:

Aerodynamic structure
Smooth lines
Narrow fuselage
Minimum Surface Area as a key to
maximum performance
Maximum Reference Area
Internal Devices
Advanced propulsion system
Light-weight made mostly of composite
materials

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

26

Structural Layout
Carbon fibers have the
highest rigidity of all
commercial available fibers.
They offer high compressive
and tensile strength,
durability for corrosion, creep
and fatigue.
E-glass is another type of fiber
containing high condensed
numerous extremely fine glass
fibers.
They offer bad fatigue
resistance and will quickly
loose their abilities.
Lighter parts can be
manufactured using carbon
fibers then with E-glass.
Moreover, less fibers are
RESOURCE:
needed when using carbon
fibers in order to reach the
http://www.christinedemerchant.com/carbon-kevlar-glass-comparison.html
same value of strength and
http://www.corecomposites.com/composites/reinforcements
rigidity.
Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

27

Installation Layout
Fuel Tank

EW
ELL8212
IFF

AVI

RADAR

EO

Engine

FUEL
EW

Landing
Gear Landing Gear Covers
RADAR ELM2055

Propulsion

IFF T2000
Avionics
EO (Chariot of Fire /
DCoMPASS)
Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

28

Installation Layout
EW
ELL8212

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

Fuel Tank

29

Carbon
Beams

Weight & Balance

nose

A(m^2)

Weight (kg)

Fueselage
wing
Tail- Horizontal

32.43
60
7.93

720.8
1333.5
176.2

Tail- Vertical

69

M.A.C.
1.5[m]

4.7[
m]
Weight (kg)

Distance from nose (m)

Fuselage

720.8

3.9

Propulsion

335

wing

1333.5

5.1

BEW+Propulsion

2635

Tail- Horizontal

176.2

9.5

Payloads

258

Tail- Vertical

69

9.5

Fuel

1000

Propulsion

335

9.3

Chariot of Fire
DCoMPASS
ELL8212
T2000
ELM2055

60
38
100
0.4
60

1.5
1.5
5.5
2.0
1.8

Fuel

1000

5.1

BEW-%MAC
MTOW - %MAC

carbon
E-glass

EO

EW
IFF
RADAR

30.6
28.2

density gm/cm^3

wall thickness [mm]

1.6
1.9

12.7

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

MTOW
3893
Distance from the
attack of the wing [m]
4.7
30

aerodynamics string [m]

1.5

Aerodynamics

Wing Aerodynamics - 3D Polara:

CL Vs. alpha

CD Vs. alpha

2.5

0.3

0.25

1.5

0.2

1
0.5

CL []
-15

-10

-5

0
-0.5

0.15

CD []
0

10

15

0.1

20

0.05

-1
-1.5

-20

alpha [deg]

-15

CL Vs. CD

-10

-5

CL []1

CL/CD

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0
5
alpha [deg]

10

15

20

CL/CD Vs. alpha

0.25

-20

0.3

-1
-2
-3
CD []

-15

-10

-5

25
20
15
10
5
0
-50
-10
-15
-20
-25

10

alpha [deg]

NACA Profile 23012

(Chosen)
Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

31

15

20

Aerodynamics

Wing Aerodynamics - 3D Polara:

CD0.4Vs. alpha

CL 4Vs. alpha

0.35

0.3

CL []

0.25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0.2

CD []
0

10

15

20

0.15
0.1

25

-1

0.05

-2

-20

-15

-10

-5

alpha [deg]

20

10

CL/CD

CL []1
0

-20
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

10

15

20

25

15

20

25

CL/CD
Vs. alpha
30

CL Vs. CD

alpha [deg]

0.25

0.3

0.35

-15

-10

-5

10

-10

0.4

-1

-20

-2

-30

alpha [deg]

CD []

NACA Profile 4415

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

32

Performance

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

33

Performance

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

34

Performance

Yabho Icaru
n
s

Heron
TP

Preliminary
Design TAU36
120Aircraft42
2014

Herm
es
36

35

Predator Ank
B
a
35

24

Endurance
[hrs]

Performance

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

36

Performance

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

37

Performance
Summary:

Max Altitude 38 kft

Max ROC 1350 ft/min
Endurance 42 hr
Max Range 2400 km
Takeoff Ground Roll
CLmax 2.6
Takeoff
L/D max 19.5
Distance
Max Takeoff Distance (h=50 ft) 950
m
Max Landing Distance (h=50 ft)
1700 m
Preliminary
Aircraft
Design TAU 2014
38
Max
Velocity
150 kts

Conclusions
High Performance MALE UAV
Long operating distance for advanced
ISR capabilities
State of the art payload for varied
missions
Highest Endurance & Altitude at its
class
Manufacturing

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

39

Appendices

Preliminary Aircraft Design TAU 2014

40

Appendix A- Payloads info

EO
EW
IFF
RADAR

EO

Chariots of Fire
Autonomous Airborne Hyperspectral MASINT System .

https://
www.elbitsystems.com/elbitmain/area-in2.asp?parent=399&num=403&n

DCoMPASS
Digital Compact Multi-purpose Advanced
Stabilized System - Airborne

http://elbitsystems.com/Elbitmain/files/DCoMPASS%20Air(new).pdf
25/5/2014

LOROS
LOng Range Observation System

http://
www.iai.co.il/2013/18688-30075-en/SystemMissileandSpace_Tamam_Electro

MOSP 3000-HD
Tamams HD Multi-sensor Optronic Stabillized Payload

http://
www.iai.co.il/2013/18688-16667-en/SystemMissileandSpace_Tamam_Electro

M- 19 HD
Long Range HD Multi-sensor Observation and Targeting
Paykoad

http://www.iai.co.il/2013/18688-45393-en/IAI.aspx
25/5/2014

EW

EL/L-8212

http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/0/36830.pdf

EL/L-8385

http://www.iai.co.il/2013/34486-26499-en/IAI.aspx
25/5/2014

IFF

LTR 400

http://www.cassi dian.com/web/guest/ltr-400
25/5/2014

AN/APX-101 Mark XII IFF Transponder

http://www. .com/Products/Electronics/IFF_Systems/IFF_Systems.html

STX 165 Transponder

http://www.sandia.aero/?q=node/66
25/5/2014

T2000

http://www.aircraftspruce.com/catalog/avpages/microairt2000.php
25/5/2014

Radar

LYNX Multi Mode Radar

http://www.ga-asi.com/products/sensor_systems/lynxsar.php

EL/M-2055

http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/5/36835.pdf
25/5/2014

Appendix B- Propulsion

Thrust Coefficient
Power Coefficient

Preliminary Aircraft Design

59

Propulsion 1
Propeller Efficiency
V = 132 ft/sec
90MPH
n = 35 rev/sec
2056RPM
D = 7.5 ft 90 inch

Therefore:
And:

MODEL AIRPLANE PROPELLERS, W. B. GARNER, MARCH, 2009

Propulsion 2

Figure 1

Propulsion 3

Figure 2