DOMESTICATI

ON
FIONA YALINDUA
15/386944/PBI/1343

criteria that an animal has to meet in

order to be possible to domesticate:
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

The animal needs to be able to eat a lot of different thing

and be willing to live off the scraps of humans.
The animals need to grow up fast, or at least faster than
humans.
The animals must be willing to breed in the close quarters
of captivity
The animals have to be naturally pleasant. An
unpredictable or ill-tempered beast is just going to be
dangerous to attempt to keep enclosed in a small area.
the animals need to be calm as well
The animals need to be willing to recognize humans as their
new masters, which means they must have a flexible social
hierarchy

Sheep were domesticated from the mouflon c.

8,000 7500 BCE in Eastern Anatolia/ Western
Iran.

Suitable for domestication

because:
lack

of aggression
manageable size
early sexual maturity
a social nature and
high reproduction rates,

DNA analysis has shown that domestic sheep are descended

from two ancestor species, one of which is the mouflon. The
mouflons comprise O. musion and O.orientalis. Although the
second ancestor has not been identified, both the urial and
argali have been ruled out. The urial (O. vignei) is found from
northeastern Iran to northwestern India. It has a higher
number of chromosomes (58) than domestic sheep (54)
which makes it an unlikely ancestor of the latter, but it
interbreeds with the mouflon. The argali sheep (O. ammon)
of inner Asia (Tibet, Himalayas, Altay Mountains, Tien-Shan
and Pamir) has 56 chromosomes and the Siberian snow
sheep (Ovis nivicola) has 52 chromosomes. This Soay ram
demonstrates the wide variance in sheep traits that belies
the prototypical appearance of the animal.

Breed of sheep in the

world
A breed is a collection of individual within a
species which share a certain number of
morphological and physiological characters which
are passed onto their progeny as long as
they breed among themselves.
Sheep breed based on :
Meat
Wool
Dairy
Variety

Major wool breeds

Merino

Ramboulet romney

Shetland sheep

Breeds of meat sheep

Beltex

Suffolk

Hampshire

Unsuccessful
domestication
Breed problem
Some animals will not have sex in
captivity
For example Cheetahs have a courtship in
which the female is chased by the male
for three days.This is not possible in
captivity
Cheetahs have never been domesticated
Panda

High temperamental animal

The Grizzly bear, African Buffalo, and Zebra,
aligator,bear
Tendency to Panic
Some animals are nervous and programmed for
fast flight if they sense danger
ex: antelope
-For an animal to be of benefit to humans it needs
to grow fast.
Ex: elephant ,turqoies

Plant domestication
Plant domestication is the process
whereby wild plants have been evolved
into crop plants through artificial selection.
This usually involves an early hybridization
event followed by selective breeding.

What makes plants unsuitable

for domestication
Indigestible
Poisonous
Low

nutritional value
Cant store
Difficult to gather (ex:dispersal plants)
Difficult to prepare

What makes plants suitable for

domestication
Taste

good
Large (edible part)
Non-dispersal plants
High nutrient and calories
Grow quickly
Annual

History

The first domesticated plants in Mesopotamia were

wheat, barley, lentils, and types of peas. People in
other parts of the world, including eastern Asia, parts
of Africa, and parts of North and South America, also
domesticated plants. Other plants that were
cultivated by early civilizations included rice (in Asia)
and potatoes (in South America).
Plants have not only been domesticated for food.
Cotton plants were domesticated for fiber, which is
used in cloth. Some flowers, such as tulips, were
domesticated for ornamental, or decorative, reasons.

Plant domestication timeline

Plant

Where
Domesticated

Date

Fig trees

Near East

9000 BC

Emmer wheat

Near East

9000 BC

Foxtail Millet

East Asia

9000 BC

Flax

Near East

9000 BC

Peas

Near East

9000 BC

Einkorn wheat

Near East

8500 BC

Barley

Near East

8500 BC

Chickpea

Anatolia

8500 BC

Bottle gourd

Asia

8000 BC

Bottle gourd

Central America

8000 BC

Rice

Asia

8000 BC

Potatoes

Andes Mountains

8000 BC

Beans

South America

8000 BC

Squash (
Cucurbita pepo)

Central America

8000 BC

Maize

Central America

7000 BC

Water Chestnut
Perilla
Burdock
Broomcorn millet
Bread wheat
Manioc/Cassava
Chenopodium
Date Palm
Avocado
Grapevine
Cotton
Bananas
Beans
Opium Poppy
Chili peppers
Amaranth
Watermelon
Olives
Cotton
Pomegranate
Garlic

Asia
Asia
Asia
East Asia
Near East
South America
South America
Southwest Asia
Central America
Southwest Asia
Southwest Asia
Island Southeast Asia
Central America
Europe
South America
Central America
Near East
Near East
Peru
Iran
Central Asia

7000
7000
7000
6000
6000
6000
5500
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
3500
3500

BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC

Hemp
Cotton
Soybean
Azuki Bean
Coca
Sago Palm
Squash (Cucurbita pepo o.)
Sunflower
Rice
Sweet Potato
Pearl millet
Sesame
Marsh elder (Iva annua)
Sorghum
Sunflower
Bottle gourd
Saffron
Chenopodium
Chenopodium
Chocolate
Coconut
Rice
Tobacco
Eggplant
Edamame

East Asia
Mesoamerica
East Asia
East Asia
South America
Southeast Asia
North America
Central Americaaa
India
Peru
Africa
Indian subcontinent
North America
Africa
North America
Africa
Mediterranean
China
North America
Mexico
Southeast Asia
Africa
South America
Asia
China

3500 BC
3000 BC
3000 BC
3000 BC
3000 BC
3000 BC
3000 BC
2600 BC
2500 BC
2500 BC
2500 BC
2500 BC
2400 BC
2000 BC
2000 BC
2000 BC
1900 BC
1900 BC
1800 BC
1600 BC
1500 BC
1500 BC
1000 BC
1st century BC
13th century AD

Vanilla

Central America

14th century AD