Role of statistics

in
many fields

Presented by :
Ankit Ku. Tiwari
PGDM 1st Sem
 What Is Statistics?
 “The mathematics of the collection,
organization, and interpretation of numerical
data, especially the analysis of population
characteristics by inference from sampling.”

 Statisticians collect and analyze data, then

calculate results using a specific design. They
draw conclusions and make decisions in the
face of uncertainty.
© 2002 Southwestern College Publishing. All rights reserved. 2–2
 1.3 Statistics and Data Analysis

 Statistics is the science of collecting,

analyzing, and drawing conclusions from
data.
 The Population: the entire collection of
individuals or objects about which
information is desired.
 A Sample: A subset of the population,
selected for study in some prescribed
manner.

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 The Data Analysis Process
1. Understand the nature of the problem.
2. Decide what to measure and how to measure it.
3. Collect data with a carefully developed plan.
4. Summarize the data and start preparation for
analysis.
5. Apply the appropriate statistical method for
formal data analysis.
6. Interpret the results.
© 2002 Southwestern College Publishing. All rights reserved. 2–4
 Why Study Statistics?
 Collecting data on subsets of the population
(samples) can give valid information about
the whole population.
 Knowing what has happened in the past can
help answer questions about the present and
future.
 Knowledge helps plan future tests,
determines resource allocation, and
improves quality.
© 2002 Southwestern College Publishing. All rights reserved. 2–5
 Business Physical
Economics, Engineering,
Marketing, Sciences
Computer Science Astronomy,
Chemistry, Physics

Health & Areas where

Medicine STATISTICS
Genetics, Clinical Trials,
Epidemiology, are used Environment
Pharmacology Agriculture,
Ecology, Forestry,
Animal Populations

Government
Census, Law,
National Defense

© 2002 Southwestern College Publishing. All rights reserved. 2–6

 Business and Industry

 Manufacturing

– .Statistics helps businessman

to plan production according
to the taste of the costumers,
the quality of the products
can also be checked more
efficiently by using
statistical methods.
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 Business and Industry

 Marketing

– Design experiments for new

products, conduct focus
groups and sample surveys,
and perform field
experiments in test markets to
determine product viability.

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 Business and Industry

 Statistical Computing
– Work in software design and
development, testing, quality
assurance, technical support,
education, marketing, and sales to
develop code that is both user-
friendly and sufficiently complex.

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 Health and Medicine

 Public Health
– stats is the tool needed to evaluate
the tests. It's essential to get it right,
for obvious reasons. Even doctors
and nurses who don't perform the
tests themselves need to be skilled
in stats to understand the results and
advise their patients accurately.
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 Learning

 Education

– The study of statistics is helpful

in experimental work both for
the analysis of the data and for
the design of the experiment in
such a way that valid and
efficient results are produced.
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 Research

 Survey Methods
–Collect data in the social
sciences, education, law,
forestry, agriculture, biology,
medicine, business, and
e-commerce, and for the
government.

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 Social Statistics

 Law
–Statistics is often used in the
courts. Say a DNA sample has
been taken from a crime scene.
What is the chance that a defendant
matches this DNA even though he
or she is innocent?

© 2002 Southwestern College Publishing. All rights reserved. 2–13

 Natural Resources
 Agriculture

– What varieties of plant

should we grow? What are
the best combinations of
fertilizers, pesticides and
densities of planting? How
does changing these factors
affect the course of the
growth process?
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 What Do Statisticians Do?
 Evaluate the environmental impact of
pollution.
 Determine the effectiveness of new drugs.
 Estimate the unemployment rate .
 Analyze consumer demand for products .
 Plan and analyze agricultural experiments.

© 2002 Southwestern College Publishing. All rights reserved. 2–15

 Thank You
© 2002 Southwestern College Publishing. All rights reserved. 2–16