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W = F cos r
= 60 cos 30 (50)
= 2598 J
6.2 How much work is done against gravity in lifting a 3.0 kg object
through a vertical distance of 40 cm.
m = 3 kg
h = 0.4 m
W Fa = Fa r
= 200 (12)
= 2400 J
Ff = F N
= Fgcos 30
= 0.25 (100) cos 30 = 21.6 N
WFf = -Ff r
= - 21.6 (12)
= -259.2 J
FN
Ff
Fg
Fgy
Fgx
b. Show that the net work done by these forces is the same as the work of
the resultant force.
Net work:
W = 2400 - 259.2 - 600
= 1540.8 J
FN
Ff
Fg
Fgy
Fgx
ENERGY
Energy is that which can be converted into work. When
something has energy, it is able to perform work or, in a
general sense, to change some aspect of the physical world.
1
2
mv 2
WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE:
The work of a resultant external force on a body is equal to the
change in kinetic energy of the body.
W = KE
KE = mv2
= (326.5) (20.8)2
= 7.06 x104 J
1
2
2
m
(
v
v
W = KE 2
f
o)
1 2
Fr mvo
2
mvo2
(0.016)(260) 2
F
= - 4506.7 N
2(0.12)
2r
6.6 A 250 g object is held 200 mm above a workbench that is 1 m above the
floor. Find the potential energy relative to
a. the bench top
m = 0.25 kg
h = 0.2 m
b. the floor
h = 1.2 m
PE = mgh
= 0.25 (9.8) (0.2)
= 0.49 J
PE = mgh
= 0.25 (9.8) (1.2)
= 2.94 J
W = PE
6.7 A 40 kg ball is pulled to one side until it is 1.6 m above its lowest point.
What will its velocity be as it passes through its lowest point?
m = 40 kg
h = 1.6 m
PE = K
mgh = mv2
6.8 In an Atwood machine the two masses are 800 g and 700 g. The system
is released from rest. How fast is the 800-g mass moving after it has fallen
120 cm?
m1 = 0.8 kg
m2 = 0.7 kg
h = 1.2 m
PE = K
PE = m2gh m1gh
= 0.7 ( 9.8) (1.2) - 0.8 (9.8) (1.2)
= - 1.17 J
loss of PE = gain in K
vf
1
K mT (v 2f vo2 ) = 1.17 J
2
2(1.17)
2K
=
1.25
m/s
0.7 0.8
m1 m2
6.9 If friction forces are negligible and the bead has a speed of 200 cm/s at
point A, a. What will be its speed at point B?
A
C
B
At point A
Energy: PEA + KA
At point B
PEA + KA = KB
1
1
2
mgh mv A mv B2
2
2
vA = 2 m/s
hA = 0.8 m
hB = 0 m
v B v A2 2 gh
(2) 2 2(9.8)(0.8)
= 4.4 m/s
At point C
PEA + KA = PEC + KC
1 2
1 2
mgh A mv A mghC mvC
2
2
1 2
vC 2( g (h A hC ) v A ) 2(9.8(0.8 0.5) 1 (2) 2 ) = 3.14 m/s
2
2
GENERAL CASE
In real life applications, some of the mechanical energy is lost
due to friction. The work due to non-conservative forces is
given by:
WNC = K + PE
6.10 Suppose the bead in Prob. 6.9 has a mass of 15 g and a speed of 2 m/s
at A, and it stops as it reaches point C. The length of the wire from A to C is
250 cm. How large is the average friction force that opposes the motion of
the bead?
m = 0.015 kg
vA = 2 m/s
hA = 0.8 m
r = 2.5 m
vC = 0 m/s
hC = 0.5 m
WFf = K + PE = Ff r
= - 0.028 N
r
2.5
At the TOP
PE = mgh
= 64(15)
= 960 J
r = 30 sin 30= 15 m
Fg = 64 N
m = 64/9.8 = 6.5 kg
h = 30 m
= 0.1 r = 15 m
At the BOTTOM
PE = K + WFf
Ff = FN = Fg cos 30
= 0.1 (64 cos 30 )
= 5.54 N
K = PE - WFf
= 960 - 166.2
= 793.8 J
WFf = Ff r
= 5.54 (15)
= 166.2 J
K = mv2
2 K 2(793.8)
= 15.6 m/s
6.5
m
POWER
Is the rate at which work is performed.
P=W =Fr = Fv
t
t
P = work/time
1
W = K m(v 2f v o2 ) = (1200)(25)2= 3.75x105 J
2
5
W 3.75 x10
= 47 kW
P
t
8
6.13 A 0.25 hp motor is used to lift a load at the rate of 5 cm/s. How great a
load can it lift at this constant speed? (1 hp = 746 W)
P = 0.25 hp (746 W/hp) = 186.5 W
v = 0.05 m/s
P = Fv
P 186.5
F
= 3730 N
v
0.05
F 3730
m
= 380.6 kg
g
9.8
6.14 A dart of mass 0.100 kg is pressed against the spring of a toy dart gun.
The spring (k = 250 N/m) is compressed 6.0 cm and released. If the dart
detaches from the spring when the spring reaches its normal length, what
speed does the dart acquire?
m = 0.1 kg
k = 250 N/m
x = 0.06 m
PEs = K
kx2 = mv2
250(0.06) 2
kx 2
= 3 m/s
0.1
m
2mgho
PEg = PEs
mgho = kx2
2(0.2)(9.8)(0.5)
= 0.26 m
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