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LEVERS
PRESENTED BY
SANJAY KUMAWAT
WHAT IS LEVER
A lever includes a stiff structure (the lever)
that rotates around a fixed point called the
fulcrum.
OR
A Lever is rigid rod or bar capable of turning
about a fixed point called fulcrum
USED AS A M/C TO LIFT LOAD BY SMALL
EFFORT.
fulcrum
ANATOMY OF THE
LEVER
Lever A bar that is free to move about a
fixed point
Parts of a lever
Fulcrum The fixed point of a lever
Effort Arm The part of the lever that the
effort force is applied to (measured from
the fulcrum to the point at which the force
is applied)
Resistance Arm The part of the lever that
applies the resistance force (measured
from the fulcrum to the center of the
ANATOMY OF THE
LEVER
Effort arm
load arm
Large load- small effort i.e. l2 should be effort arm and it should
be greater than l1.
Large effort arm may not be possible due to space limitations.
For greater leverage compound levers (straight pieces with
pins
SECOND CLASS
LEVERS
2ND CLASS LEVERS WHEELBARROW LEVERS
SECOND CLASS
LEVERS
THIRD CLASS
LEVERS
THIRD CLASS
LEVERS
ANALYSIS TO SIMPLE
MACHINE
The castings must be lifted 200 mm
FORCE MULTIPLIER RATIO (MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE)
In the lever system shown in figure 4 above, the load being lifted is about
three times more than the effort being applied. The load divided by the effort
gives a ratio. This ratio is a force multiplier, or how much more load can be
lifted compared to the effort.
The lever in figure therefore has a force-multiplier ratio of 2.88 (a ratio has no
units of value).
.
EFFORT = 260 N
LOAD = 750 N
600 mm
ANALYSIS TO SIMPLE
MACHINE
EFFORT = 260 N
LOAD = 750 N
600 mm
Example 1
Find the force-multiplier ratio for the lever in figure above.
Force-multiplier ratio
= 750 N
260 N
=
2.88
load
effort
ANALYSIS TO SIMPLE
MACHINE
EFFORT = 260 N
LOAD = 750 N
600 mm
Find the distance-multiplier ratio leverage for the lever in figure 4 above.
Movement-multiplier ratio = distance moved by the effort
distance moved by the load
= 600 mm
200 mm
=3
ANALYSIS TO SIMPLE
MACHINE
Example
Find the efficiency of the lever system shown in figure 4.
Efficiency () = Force Ratio 100
Movement Ratio
= 2.88 100
3
= 96
The system shown in figure has an efficiency of nearly 100 per cent. No
system can be 100 per cent efficient; there are always losses. The losses in a
lever system consist of energy lost to friction at the fulcrum of the lever and
the energy lost in strain as the lever bends slightly. In some cases a small
amount of energy will also be lost in the form of sound.
DESIGN OF
LEVERS
DESIGN OF
LEVERS
DESIGN OF
LEVERS
DESIGN OF
LEVERS
DESIGN OF
LEVERS
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
TYPES OF
LEVERS
1. HAND LEVERS
TYPES OF
LEVERS
2. FOOT LEVERS
TYPES OF
LEVERS
3. CRANKED LEVERS
TYPES OF
LEVERS
4.LEVER FOR A LEVER SAFETY VALVE
TYPES OF
LEVERS
5. BELL CRANK LEVER
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
THANK YOU