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rows
a
a
a
11
12
13
row
a
a
a
21
22
23
am1 am 2 am 3
mn
a1n
a2 n
a3n
amn
Matrices
are
identified
by their
size.
1 5 3 1 5 0 2
41
2
6
4 4
2 1 2 4
1 3
5
7
2 5 8 9
7
9 0
4
a11
a
21
A
a31
a41
a12
a13
a22
a32
a23
a33
a42
a43
a14
a24 m
ain
a34
dia
go
na
a44
l
3x 2 y 5 z 3
2 x y 4 z 2
x 4 y 7z 1
3 2 5
1
4
Coefficient matrix A 2
1
4 7
3x 2 y 5 z 3
2 x y 4 z 2
x 4 y 7z 1
3
3 2 5
1
4 2
Augmented matrix A 2
1
4 7 1
1
0
#
1
0
#
#
1
#
#
1 2 1 1
3 5 1 3
2 6 7 1
x 2y z 1
3x 5 y z 3
2x 6 y 7z 1
Work on this column first.
Get the 1 and then use it
as a tool to get zeros
below it with row
operations.
1
0
#
1
0
#
#
1
#
#
11 22 1 1 1 1
3r1 + r2 30 5
1
3
2
0
22 66 7 7 1 1
2r1 + r3
11
00
02
22 11 1
2
0
1 2
26 57 11
3 6 3 3
3 5 1 3
0 1 2 0
2r1
+ r3
2 4 2 2
2
0
6 7 1
2 5 1
r2
1
1
1 2
0 1 2 0
0 2
5 1
0 2 4 0
+ r3
0
0
2 5 1
0 1 1
2r2 + r3
11 22 11 11
00 11 22 00
00 20 51 1
1
1
0
#
1
0
#
#
1
#
#
z column
y column
x column
equal signs
1 2 1 1
0 1 2 0
0 0 1 1
x 2
x x22 2y z11 1
y y
2 2z100
y2
z 1
Substitute 1 in for z in
second equation to find y
Substitute 1 in for z and 2 for
y in first equation to find x.
x 2y z 1
3x 5 y z 3
2x 6 y 7 z 1
Solution is: (2 , 2 , 1)
This is the only (x , y , z) that
make ALL THREE equations
true. Lets check it.
2 2 2 1 1
3 2 5 2 1 3
2 2 6 2 7 1 1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
#
#
11
00
000
002 0
13 112
11 022 02
00
000 1
11 1
11
x 2y z 1
3x 5 y z 3
2x 6 y 7z 1
x 2, y 2, z 1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
#
#
Gaussian Elimination
3 2 2 6
2 3 4 0
7 3 2 1
r1 r2
2r1+r2
7r1+r3
11
0
2
0
77
11
553
10
33
222 66
848
12
12
0
216
2 143
3x 2 y 2 z 6
2x 3y 4z 0
7 x 3 y 2 z 1
1
0
#
1
#
#
#
#
#
3x 2 y 2 z 6
2x 3y 4z 0
7 x 3 y 2 z 1
2
6
1 1
0 5 8 12
0 10 16 43
11
1/5r2
10r2+r3
00
0
11 22 66
8 12
12
8
1
1 5 5
5
5
10 16 43
0 0 19
INCONSISTENT - NO SOLUTION
If we multiply the second
row by a 1/5 well get the
one we need in the second
column.
1
0
#
1
0
#
#
1
#
#
5x 6 y z 4
5 6 1 4
One more:
2 3 1 1
2x 3y z 1
4 3 1 5
4x 3y z 5
r1 r3 1 3 2 1
1 3 2 11
2 3 1 1
0 1 1 11
1/3r
2
4 3 1 5
9r2+r3 0
90 09 09
1 3 2 11
2r1+r2 0
2
3
3
1
3
1
3
4r1+r3 0
4 93 19 59
1
0
#
1
0
#
#
1
#
#
1 3 2 1
0 1 1 1
0 0
0 0
x y
3r2+r1
x z2
put variables
back in
1 0 1 2
0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0
y z 1
zz
No restriction on z
x z2
y z 1
zz
5x 6 y z 4
2x 3y z 1
4x 3y z 5
5 32 6 12 01 4
2 32 3 12 01 1
works in all 3
4 32 3 12 01 5
x z2
y z 1
zz
Acknowledgement
I wish to thank Shawna Haider from Salt Lake Community College, Utah
USA for her hard work in creating this PowerPoint.
www.slcc.edu
Shawna has kindly given permission for this resource to be downloaded
from www.mathxtc.com and for it to be modified to suit the Western
Australian Mathematics Curriculum.
Stephen Corcoran
Head of Mathematics
St Stephens School Carramar
www.ststephens.wa.edu.au