You are on page 1of 12

AMINO ACID

SEQUENCING

DEFINITION
Peptide sequence, or amino acid
sequence, is the order in which amino
acid residues, connected by peptide
bonds, lie in the chain in peptides and
proteins.

IMPORTANCE OF AMINO ACID


SEQUENCING
Knowledge of a proteins amino acid sequence is
prerequisite for determining its three-dimensional
structure and is essential for understanding its
molecular mechanism of action.
Many inherited diseases are caused by mutations that
result in an amino acid change in a protein.
Sequence comparisons among analogous proteins from
different species yield insights into protein function and
reveal evolutionary relationships among the proteins
and the organisms that produce them.

HISTORY
Frederick Sanger
determined the first known
protein sequence, that of
hormone insulin in 1953.
Since then, many
additional proteins have
been sequenced, and the
sequences of many more
proteins have been
inferred from their DNA
sequences.

AMINO ACIDS SEQUENCING IN THE PROTEIN MO


SYNTHESISED FROM THE GIVEN mRNA STRAND
Aim - To determine the sequence of amino acid in th
molecule synthesized from the given m RNA stran

Theory Proteins are polymers of amino acids linke


polypeptide bonds. It starts from the amino group w
begins as N- terminal and ends with either C- termin
the carboxyl end. Protein exhibit the phenotypic cha
an organism. It is synthesized as a result of transcri
translation.

Transcription This involves the


synthesis of complementary single
stranded mRNA from the double
stranded DNA template. The RNA
based sequences are read in 5 3
direction.
Translation It involves the formation of
protein molecules.
It can be divided into three steps namely

Reading mRNA strands of PROKARYOTES:


The given mRNA strand does not show 7 methylated C cap (7 mc) at the 5
end. Therefore it is inferred that it is prokaryotic mRNA.
In the prokaryotes, 30S ribosomal unit always gets attached to the ribosome
binding site called The Leader sequence or Shine Delgarno sequence
(SD). It is a purine rich sequence (5 AGGAGGU 3). It is 8 13 bases
upstream of initiation codon AUG or GUG. After the identification of SD, AUG
or GUG is identified as initiating codon both of which could code for
formylated Methionine (f - met).
The mRNA is now divided into codons of 3 nucleotides each. The amino acid
sequence is read with the help of genetic code dictionary. The mRNA of
prokaryotes is said to be polycistronic and hence more than 2 polypeptide
chains can be synthesized.

Reading m RNA strands of EUKARYOTES:


The eukaryotic strands are always having 7 mc cap at the 5
end. The end of the tail is always made up of poly A base.
The initiating codon AUG or GUG is identified and the
amino acid sequence is read till a terminating codon is
reached. The mRNA of eukaryotes is monocistronic
therefore only one type of polypeptide chain can be
synthesized.

AMINO ACIDS SEQUENCING IN THE PROTEIN


MOLECULE SYNTHESISED FROM THE GIVEN
mRNA STRAND

Aim: To determine the sequence of amino acid in


the protein molecule synthesized from the given
mRNA strand. .

Theory: Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked


by polypeptide bonds. It starts from the amino group
which begins as N- terminal and ends with either Cterminal or the carboxyl end. Protein exhibit the

Transcription: This involves the synthesis of


complementary single stranded mRNA from
the double stranded DNA template. The RNA
based sequences are read in 5 3 direction.
Translation: It involves the formation of
protein molecules. It can be divided into three
steps namely initiation, elongation and
termination of polypeptide chain.

Reading mRNA strands of PROKARYOTES:


The given mRNA strand does not show 7 methylated C
cap (7 mc) at the 5 end. Therefore it is inferred that it
is prokaryotic
mRNA. In the prokaryotes, 30S ribosomal unit always
gets attached to the ribosome binding site called The
Leader sequence or Shine Delgarno sequence
(SD). It is a purine rich sequence (5 AGGAGGU
3). It is 8 13 bases upstream of initiation codon AUG
or GUG. After the identification of SD, AUG or GUG is
identified as initiating codon both of which could code
for formylated Methionine (f - met). The m- RNA is now
divided into codons of 3 nucleotides each. The amino
acid sequence is read with the help of genetic code

Reading mRNA strands of EUKARYOTES:


The eukaryotic strands are always having 7 mc
cap at the 5 end. The end of the tail is always
made up of poly A base. The initiating codon
AUG or GUG is identified and the amino acid
sequence is read till a terminating codon is
reached. The mRNA of eukaryotes is
monocistronic therefore only one type of
polypeptide chain can be synthesized.

You might also like