&

- .

.
/ -
Exec. Comm. COGEN EUROPE (199914)

/T
, 5 2016

1981 1998

= 14,25 GWe

= 50,29 TWh

= 52,86 TWh

= 5.060,9 J/$
CO2
=100,37 mil tons CO2
,

.2244/94
:

21,00%,
20,00%,
0,00%,
12,00%,
23,00%,
24,00%. ( 2016)

45


(+40%) 2008 ,

 2012/27/

20%
2020 ,
,
, (Commission,

27 -) Energy
Efficiency Directive 2
,
.

. 4355/16

,
.

 2012/27/
2012/27/
, 2009/125/
2010/30/ 2004/8/ 2006/32/
,
20% 2020.

,
2020.

:

2020
20 %
.



2020.

 2012/27/

,
MTOE

2007
2009- 1
20%

-20%

 2012/27/
30 2014

2012

5 2014

(, , , ,
, , .)

 2012/27/

2020 (.
3)
-
3%
(. 4 & 5)
(. 6)
(. 7)
- ,
(. 14&15)
( ) (. 18)
,
(. 24)

 2012/27/


:
( )
(. 9-12)
: ,
( 5/12/2015)
(. 8)
:

(. 8)


(. 17)

 2012/27/
, (. 14&15)

 14:

:
.

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, ,


,
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,
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 14:

(
) :
,
,

:
&
-

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(
)

 14:

:

10%,

.

,

:
:
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2. 50%
3. 75%
4. 50% 1 2,3

 14:

14:

, (
31 2015).

(),
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31
2013, 5
2014 31 2015


14 (
)




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( VII).
:

10

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2020 2030


-
/, 5 2014,
:

20 MW, ()

20 MW *, ()

20 MW
, (, /)


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,
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 ...

5 ,
,

,

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,
.

, ,
,
(FiT) ..
,
.
?
17


Conventional Generation (58%
Overall Efficiency)

36 Units
(Losses)

Combined Heat & Power (85%

Overall Efficiency)

60

24
Uni
ts

= 40%

68
100

40

34
Uni
ts

= 85%

6 Units
(Losses)

10 Units
(Losses)

(UNESCAP, 2004)

18

20%,
.

,

.

, blackouts .

, ,
.

,
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.

(,
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Stirling
Engines

 CO2

 (%)
2010

22

:


27 2050

:
2050
,
.

 197080

, 20 .
70,
(,
, .).
80,

,
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.

 1990-2000

90, & ,
, , 35-40%,
.
,
60% 2,4%
.
2000,
2 MWe, .
.

, (16 MWe) .
, , 100 .,
()
, 6
,
( )
(spark gap ratio).

(110 MWe),
, 8 ...

 2010
90, .2244/94 ,
, .
.3468/06
.. .
.3734/09 2004/8/,
- & - ,
.
7/09

.
.3851/10
.

.

 2010
new
deal .4254/14 .
:
1.
, ..
1 MWe (
)!
2.
() ,
, , ,



!

 2010
3.
.4254/14
,
,
.
4. /
CO2
, 0,37,
.
CO2 (E/MWH)=0.37* CO2

.4254/14
.. 20 25%
,

!

 ..
2004

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

,
MW
107,8
109,65
98.65
140,74
125,07
89,07
90,07
90,07
(99,07+134,60)
233,67
(100,07+134,60)
234,67

,
MWh
9.114
34.028
34.792
144.122
114.560
141.638
148.858
118.790
1.275.136
1.309.344

MW
46,36
51,28
62,64
104,74
89,07
-

 ,
(2010-2015)

MW

2010

15,23

2011

68,93

2012

7,5

2013

6,77

2014

36

2015

 &
-,
50 kWe, , , , .,
(10). , !
,
1 MWe ( ) ( )
(10). , !
.
-,
,
.

1 ( , )
2 ( /, .)
3 (, ).

 20701-5

,

2012.

BEST PRACTICES

/

-

BEST PRACTICE -

(7,2 MWe)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

515 kWe
.....
700 kWe
BRIGHT
300 kWe
240 kWe

560 kWe

2 x 1.358 kWe

240 kWe
Vivartia
2 x 980 kWe

35

, L36GLD, WAUKESHA

12 I, V, 36 lt, 11:1,
165mm, 152mm

, LEROY SOMER, MTG 55

3, 400 V, 50 Hz, 0.8 p.f.

,
LG ELECTRONICS, LWM-019
LiBr , 190RT

, KIMCO, MEX-400KL
, 400RT.

36

134 KW el
(133RT)

515KWel

1.633 KW
()

933 KW

306 KW

292KW

78KW

&
intercooler

380KW

142KW
37

COP /: 3,5
COP /: 0,7
: 80%
= 90% x
: 5.000 p.a

38


: 600.000
: 88 /MWhe, : 120 /MWhe, : 142
/MWhe,
: 90 /MWhe
. -: 47,75 /MWh .. 2011, . :
57,63 /MWh ..2011, : 27 /MWh () - 38/MWh
(ME)
: 15,00 /MWh

39

-
&

-CHP 4,5 kWe

, -CHP
10 kWe


45.000 EUROS

35.000 EUROS
.. &



25.000 EUROS

4.5

 TOP KRAFT
BAKERY PRODUCTION
COMPANY

170 kWth
- 12 kWe

 - 10 kWe

550

 THE PHILLIPOS XENIA HOTEL

120.000 EUROS

110.000 EUROS
.. &



65.000 EUROS

2.9
4 MICRO CHP OF 4,7 kWe +12 kWth
450 kWth

 HOTEL MANTHOS

60.000 EUROS

80.000 EUROS
.. &



60.000 EUROS

3.0

 THE ORESTIAS KASTORIA

35.000 EUROS

60.000 EUROS
.. &



50.000 EUROS

3.5

 : 1,357 m2
:
:

22,000
4.5

 -
:

- HDD 1057 (16 0C)

: 8 - 18
: 1966

250 kWth :14000 lt/yr

:

- 4.5 kWel / 12 kWth +

58 kWth () + 2 x 1000 lt
:
:12200 m3 - : 14500 kWe,
(2011-12)
, (
)

, 25 2011
...

... .

...

 100

: 2006

7.000.000 EUROS

4,97 MWe
6,21 MWth ME

CO2

.. : 28 GWh
.. : 35 PJ

11,3%,
1,8%
.


,
,
,
, , .

/.

.
..

hacchp@gmail.com
www.cogen.org