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ANTIBODY
STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
5th Feb 2016
PowerPoint TextEdit Art Slides for
Biology, Seventh Edition
P.Buvanesh
TOPIC LEARNING
OUTCOMEs
B CELLS
2. MATURE B CELLS EXIT BONE MARROW AND ENTER THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.
BCR
Naive
Active
In the transition from nave to active B cells, the plasma cells secrete a
MODIFIED VERSION of the B CELL RECEPTOR.
This molecule is known as an antibody.
The BCR and corresponding antibody share IDENTICAL antigen
specificities.
ANTIBODY STRUCTURE
An antibody consists of 4
polypeptides: 2 identical light chains
and 2 identical heavy chains form a
Y-shaped molecule.
Each light chain is connected to a
heavy chain by a disulfide bond and
the two heavy chains are connected
by two disulfide bonds.
Antigen binding and effector
domains are separated by a hinge
region. The hinge region allows the
two antigen binding domains to
move, enabling them to bind
antigens that are separated by
varying distances.
LIGHT CHAIN
HEAVY CHAIN
ANTIBODY STRUCTURE
ANTIGEN RECEPTORS HAVE
DISTINCT FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS
1. The variable (V) region varies
between clones and is involved in
antigen recognition.
ANTIBODY STRUCTURE
Each Light chain contains one V
domain and one C domain.
Each Heavy chain contains one V
domain and at least three C
domains.
Each domain folds into a
characteristic 3-D shape:
The Immunoglobulin (Ig)
domain.
VL
ANTIBODY STRUCTURE
The unique structural architecture of antibodies allows multiple, highly
diverse antigens to induce identical effector functions.
Antigen
Variable region
Constant region
IMMUNITY
IMMUNITY
IMMUNITY
Epitope
Epitope
What is
paratope ?
Paratope
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES
There are five types of heavy chain that differ in
their C region. Each class is known as an
Isotype.
Each Isotype differs in their physical/biological
properties and effector functions.
Why passive ?
IgA. Two IgA
molecules joined
by J chain.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES
Antigen
IgE
Secreted as a
monomer.
Fc Receptor
MAST
CELL
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES
Secreted as
monomer
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES
Opsonization: IgG coats pathogens and
prevents them from entering host cells.
Infectious pathogen
entering host cell
to propagate
Pathogen cannot
enter cell
when coated
(opsonized) with
antibody
Ag
IgG
Phagolysosome
Macrophage
MHC II/peptide
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES
Fc receptors also mediate Antibody-Dependent
Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Natural Killer Cells
Ig
Target
Ag
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES
IgM exists as pentamers
10 different Ag binding
sites - very high avidity!