ADAPTIVE LIGHTENING

SYSTEM FOR
AUTOMOBILES

AIM OF THE PROJECT

This project is aimed at developing an
adaptive lightening system for automobiles
that automates the operation of headlights
without manual switching.

OBJECTIVES
It automatically switches to headlights as it gets darks
It also detects the light from the front coming vehicle
and switches to down lights( Dipping ).
After the vehicle passes by, it switches back to
headlights.
It switches off the headlights during the day time.

ADD ON FEATURES OF THIS

PROJECT
It gives a short beep when any of the car door
is not closed properly.
It gives a long beep when when the key is left
in the car after the engine is switched off and
the driver opens the door to get down.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

REQUIRED
HARDWARE COMPONENTS:
ATMEL ATMEGA8 MICROCONTROLLER
LDR
LED
SWITCHES
BUZZER
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
AVR STUDIO4

INTRODUCTION
In 1927, the foot-operated dimmer switch was introduced and
became standard for much of the century.The last vehicle with
a foot-operated dimmer switch was the 1991 Ford F-Series
In 1935 Tatra T77a introduced light with cornering function the front had three headlamps of which the central unit was
linked to the steering, making it possible to turn this lamp with
the steering

DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING
SYSTEM
It cannot distinguish whether the light is coming from
the opposite vehicle or from the street lights on the
road.
These systems could not accurately discern
headlamps from non-vehicular light sources such as
streetlights, they did not switch to low beam when the
driver approached near a vehicle that is oncoming ,
and they spuriously switched to low beam in response
to street lights on the road.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER
SUPPLY

LDR

SWITCHES

LED
(HEADLIGHT)

ATMEL
ATMEGA8

BUZZER

start
Power supply
high

low

Without key

ldr1

headlight on
high
ldr2

Car door open

Headlight off

Short beep

Key
inside

Long beep

low
Led glows

Dip in light

headlight on

stop

THEORY
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION:
ATMEGA8 MICROCONTROLLER
LDR
LED
BUZZER
POWER SUPPLY

ATMEGA8 MC OVERVIEW
The ATmega8 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture.
By executing powerful instructions in a single clock
cycle, the ATmega8 achieves throughputs
approaching 1 MIPS per MHz.
It optimizes power consumption versus processing
speed.
I/O and Packages
23 Programmable I/O Lines
28-lead PDIP, 32-lead TQFP

PIN OUT OF ATMEGA8

ADVANTAGES BY USING
ATMEGA8
The PB1 pin has a special function i.e the PWM mode timer
FUNCTION.
The PD2 and PD3 pins serve as an external interrupt source.
The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology.
The Atmel ATmega8 is a powerful microcontroller that
provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many
embedded control applications.
8K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program
memory , 512 Bytes EEPROM

LDR
LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful
especially in light/dark sensor circuits.
Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high,
sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they
are illuminated with light resistance drops
dramatically.
A photo resistor (LDR) is made of a high resistance
semiconductor.
This LDR is used in our project to sense the day and
night lights.

The figure shows that when the torch is turned on, the resistance
of the LDR falls, allowing current to pass through it.

LED
light-emitting diode (LED) is a
semiconductor light source.
This is one of the important component in this
project.
It is used to indicate the headlights of a car.

BUZZER
BUZZER is also one of the
output component apart
from the led in this project.
It is used to produce short
beep sound when any one of
the car doors is left opened.
It produces long beep when
the key is left inside the car
after the engine is switchd
off and driver opens the
door to move out.

ABOUT AVR STUDIO4

AVR Studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
for writing and debugging AVR applications in Windows
9x/ME/NT/2000/XP/VISTA environments.
AVR Studio provides a project management tool, source file
editor, simulator,assembler and front-end for C/C++,
programming, and on-chip debugging.
AVR Studio supports the complete range of ATMEL AVR
tools .
The latest version is avr studio 4.18.

START UP WIZARD

OUTPUT MESSAGE
make: `adaptive.o' is up to date.
Build succeeded with 0 Warnings...

IMPLEMENTED RESULTS
There are a total of 5 results obtained from the
circuit developed:
Led (headlight)off- daytime
Led on---nighttime
Dip in led light for a few seconds---car from the
opposite side during night time
Short beepcar door left open
Long beep-key left inside the car and driver opened
car door.

DRAWBACKS
Excessive exposure to heat may damage the
ldr which leads to malfunctioning of the
circuit.
The two ldrs must be kept at sufficient
distance as there is a chance of interference of
light.

APPLICATIONS
It can be used by all automobiles.

FUTURE SCOPE
The new generation Mercedes-Benz E-Class is
experimenting using a cmos camera mounted behind
the windshield which automatically and continuously
adapts the headlamp range to the distance of vehicles
ahead or which are oncoming.
The same technology is also being used in the BMW
7 series but this technology is useful in only some of
the foreign countries as there is rapid change in the
weather conditions suddenly in the night.

CONCLUSION
This turns out to be an efficient system in
automatic switching of headlights during both
night and day time .This helps in reducing the
accidents due the inconvenience caused by the
headlights during night time.
It is also an effective anti theft alarm system as
it gives a beep sound when the car doors are
opened.

REFERENCES
www.atmel.com
http://www.carazoo.com/article/1512200801/Adaptiv
e-High-Beam-Headlights----Latest-Innovation-inCar-Safety
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp
http://www.robosense.in/index.php/forum.html?
func=view&catid=5&id=141
http://www.google.com/
http://www.hbeonlabs.com/projectsguidance.htm

WORK SCHEDULE
JUNE 01-04 :LITERATURE SURVEY
JUNE 7- REPORT GUIDELINES
JUNE 8-BASIC ELECTRONICS
JUNE 9 STUDY ON RELAYS,SWITCHES
JUNE 10ACTIVE DEVICES
JUNE 11- SOLDERING

 JUNE 14HARDWARE INTRODUCTION

JUNE 15- POWER SUPPLY DESIGN AND
CIRCUIT DESIGN
JUNE 16 SOLDERING OF POWER
SUPPLY
JUNE 21-26: HARDWARE COMPONENTS
SOLDERING

JUNE 28TESTING OF THE CIRCUIT

JUNE 29---CODING
JUNE 30---DUMPING OF CODE ON MC