SOCIALIZATION AND

PERSONALITY

UNDERSTANDING THE
SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
SOCIALIZATION is highly complex, it is

a lifelong process of social experience

by which individuals develop their
human potential and learn the patterns
of their culture.

MEANING OF PERSONALITY

PERSONALITY - comes from the

Latin word persona, meaning mask
which distinguished one character
from another.
PERSONALITY is defined as the sum
total of all the traits and
characteristics of a person that
distinguished him from another.

DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
Biological Inheritance (Heredity).
They are significant in personality
formation for they set limits to learning
and enable the person to learn.

Environment. This refer to the

location, climate, topography and
natural resources.

SIGMUND FRUED: THE ELEMENTS

OF PERSONALITY

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

- lived in Vienna at a time most
Europeans viewed human behavior as
a reflection of biological forces.
- was trained in the natural
sciences and began his career as a
physician.
- his crowning achievement was
the development of psychoanalysis.

BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

Freud believes that there are two basic
needs.
* He claimed, all humans have a basic
need for bonding which he described as
the life instinct, or EROS.
* He asserted that people have an
aggressive drive, which he called the
death instinct, or THANATOS.

FREUDS MODEL OF PERSONALITY

id (simply Latin for it)represents the human
beings basic needs, which are unconscious and
demand immediate satisfaction.

Ego (Latin for I) represent the conscious attempt

to balance the innate pleasure-seeking drives of
human organism and the demand of society.

Superego ( Latin meaning above or

beyond) which is the presence of culture
within the individual.

VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Oral Stage (birth to one year). Eating is the major
source of satisfaction.

Anal Stage (1 to 3 years). The influencing factor at

this stage in personality development is toilet
training.

Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years). At this time the

greatest source of pleasure comes from the sex
organs.

Latency Stage (6 years to adolescence). In this

stage the children turn their attention to people
outside their families like teachers and friends, and
the erotic impulses are dormant.

Genital Stage (Adolescence and beyond).

JEAN PIAGET: COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENT

JEAN PIAGET (1896-1980)

-become one of the foremost
psychologists of the century.
-his thinking centered on human
cognition-the process of thought and
understanding.
-he gradually conclude that
childrens conception on the world
depends upon their age.

PIAGETS HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT MODEL
THE SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
The level of human development in
which the world is experienced only
through sensory contact.

THE PREOPTIONAL STAGE

The level of human development in
which language and other symbol are
fist used.

 THE CONCRETE OPERATIONAL

STAGE
The level of human development
characterized by the use of logic to
understand objects or events.

THE FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

The level of human development
characterized by highly abstract
thought and the ability to imagine
alternatives to reality.

GEORGE HERBERT MEAD: THE SOCIAL

SELF
THE SELF
The basis of humanity-the individuals active
awareness of existing in the midst of society.

THE LOOKING-GLASS SELF

Charles Horton Cooley one of Meads
colleagues, suggested that others represent a
mirror or looking glass in which we imagine
ourselves as they see us. Cooley us the phrase
looking glass self to capture his idea that a
persons conception is based on the responses
of others.

 THE I AND THE ME

The notion that the self thinks about
itself suggests an important dualism.
First, there is a self as subject, by
which we initiate any social action.
Second, there is a self as object,
which is how we imagine ourselves
from the perspective of someone
else.

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
THE FAMILY is the most important agent of
socialization.
SCHOOLING
PEER GROUPS
THE MASS MEDIA are impersonal communications
directed to a vast audience.
PUBLIC OPINION is defined as the attitudes of people
throughout a society about one or more controversial
issues.