BENDING 2

SPRING BACK
In bending operations the elastic limit of the
metal in process is exceeded, but its ultimate
strength is not.
Therefore some of the original elasticity of
the stock material will be present in the
material after the bending operation is over.
Because of this when the force (punch) is
withdrawn the material on the compression
side of the bend tend to expand slightly.

The material on the tension side tries to

contrast.
The combined result is that the work piece
tends to resume its original shape.
This causes the bend to spring open a little
This reaction of the material is called spring
amount.
back.
The spring back varies according to the
thickness, type and condition of the stock
material.
It also varies directly in proportion to the size

SPRING BACK IN V BENDING

The following methods are employed to avoid or over
comes pring back:
OVER BENDING
Over bending is the simplest way to correct spring
back.
It is done by making the punch angle (angle B)
smaller by
For required
soft steel,
brass, aluminium or copper spring back 0
the
amount.
to 1
For 1/4 hard 1/2 hard materials 1 to 5.
For hardened material 12 to 15 or more.

These values are only approximate values, because

many variables influence the spring back
.
Correct values can be found out only by experiment.
(Fig 1)

Fig 1

CORNER SETTING ON V BENDING TOOLS.

This is the most effective way of avoiding spring
back.
This is the method of eliminating spring back than
of making compensating allowance.
Setting is accomplished by coining (squeezing) the
stock
material
at the
bend additional
area.
The coining
effect
causes
compressive
strain within the material.
The extra compression strains overcome the spring
back tendencies.
Since the set is made in the bend, the practice of
setting in bending operation is referred to as comer

Fig
2

OFFSET PUNCH METHOD

The face of the punch is offset in order to achieve a
coining penetration in the bend area.
If offset dimensions are unnecessarily deep, it will
weaken the piece part.
An offset depth of 5% of sheet thickness is normally
used.
(Fig 3)

Fig 3

ANGULAR PUNCH RELIEF

An angular differential is provided between the
included angle of the punch and the included angle of
the die opening.
The amount of angular difference varies according to
the pierced part condition.
The reduced punch angle permits the work pie over
bend
while setting action takes place.
Setting
is in effect a coining operation.
Coining large area of the piece will require excessive
punch force.
Also setting is effective only in the general area of
bend.

Because above reasons the set area should be

reduced smallest practical size.
Setting increases the component strains in the bend.
so the compression bulge at the bent will be more.
This condition should be taken care by providing
necessary allowances in the blank.

SPRING BACK IN U BENDING DIES

For compensating spring back, over bending can be
used in u bending
In the convex pad method the spring back in another
area is utilized
The web (bottom) of the work piece is formed.
The elastic limit of the stock material is not
exceeded.
When the work piece is removed from the tool the
we spring back to a flat plane.

This causes the bend legs to pivot inward around the

bend axis
This compensates for the spring back of the bend
legs.
There
are work
two methods
For large
pieces punch side wall relief method is
used.
1)Punch side wall relief-angular.
2) Punch side wall relief -straight undercut.
These methods are employed when the spring back is
less. (Fig 4)

CORNER SETTING IN PRESSURE PAD DIES

The punch comer sinks into the stock material at the
bend area.
The resulting coining effect eliminates the residual
elasticity on the bend area and thus eliminates the
tendency to spring back.
An offset of 5% of the sheet thickness is normally
used. (Fig5.)

Fig5

This method affects the dimensions of the piece

part.
If the punch face was flat piece part height will be 'H'
the comer offset an amount equal to the depth of
offset 'D'.
This
displacement
be compensated
for when
The resulting
piecemust
part height
is 'H2"
determining the flat blank length.
Because of the strength less in the bent area of the
work piece, this method cannot be used in some
instances.
In such cases the fillet method can be used.
Here the set is achieved by squeezing the stock
material against the outer surface of the bend area.
(Fig 6)

Fig 6