Materials and Methods

Iinstitutional review board (IRB) approval

between December 2011 and December 2012
Retrospectively postoperative
complications and/or unplanned readmissions
within 30 days of their surgical procedure.
Complications were defined as any deviation
from the expected clinical course
ClavienDindo grading system
Mortality rate was defined as the death rate
from any cause within 30 days

Data Collection

The nature of the procedure

length of stay (LOS)
Clavien grade of the complication
The treatment modality
The total number of complications
Readmission status within 30 days after the procedure
Procedures were stratified into five groups :
Renal and retroperitoneal surgeries (open/laparoscopic)
Pelvic surgery (open/laparoscopic)
Endourologic surgery
Prostate biopsy
Others (extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, bladder Instillations,
partial penectomy)

Statistical Analysis
Descriptive statistics frequencies and
percentages for categorical variables, means and
medians for continuous variables).
Correlations between Clavien grades were
measured using Spearman rank-order correlation.
Exact logistic regression subsequent
complications, predictive of future complications,
the probability of readmission
Statistical analysis software (SAS)
p < 0.05

Results :
General demographics

N = 4414
Sample : 191 (4.3% of 4414)
There were 520 total complications among the 191
The percentage of patients who had a total of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 complications was 30%, 26%,
18%, 9.9%, and 6.8%, respectively. The most

frequent Clavien grades encountered during the study period

were Clavien grade 1 and 2 (162 and 167 incidences total)
(Table 2). There were a total of 135 readmissions during the
study period (71% of patients who experienced a complica tion). As a final outcome, 162 (84%) patients were discharged
home, 19 (9.9%) discharged to a rehabilitation facility, and
10 (5.2%) patients died (Table 1).

 In the mid 1980s, Six Sigma was

introduced in an effort to minimize errors
and reduce variability in manufacturing
IOM report in 2001 improving the
delivery of healthcare in the United
States
patient safety is a system property
Preoperative assessments and
postoperative order

 germinal factors orchestrating the

development of urologic complications
Underlying characteristics initial
complication additional complications
Before 1992, surgeons had no standardized
reporting
system to classify negative surgical
outcomes
Clavien et al. Of 600 Pts
cholecystectomies